Téllez-Zenteno JF, Nguyen R, Hernández-Ronquillo L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 466-479
Archivo PDF: 107.07 Kb.

RESUMEN

En la actualidad existe un enorme interés en la investigación clínica acerca de los riesgos médicos en pacientes con epilepsia (PCE). Las áreas con mayor interés son la identificación de causas y factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad, accidentes y lesiones. Lesiones y accidentes (LYA) asociados con ahogamiento, accidentes automovilísticos, quemaduras y trauma craneoencefálico son algunos de los desenlaces más temidos en PCE. Algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados a LYA en PCE son el número de fármacos antiepilépticos, historia de crisis generalizadas y la frecuencia de las crisis convulsivas. Los estudios realizados en centros de epilepsia muestran un prevalencia alta de LYA en PCE comparado con los controles; sin embargo, estudios poblacionales muestran una prevalencia similar con la población general. Algunos estudios han mostrado que los PCE son admitidos en emergencias de manera más frecuente, después de LYA, comparados con la población general. Esta observación es interesante y podría estar relacionada más por el mayor cuidado que ponen los médicos en PCE debido a la comorbilidad que estos pacientes presentan y no por las lesiones per se. Pocos tópicos generan tanta ansiedad en pacientes y médicos como el riesgo de mortalidad en PCE. La gran mayoría de los estudios epidemiológicos han mostrado que el riesgo de mortalidad se encuentra incrementado en PCE, y los clínicos deben de estar preparados para interpretar y comunicar la mejor evidencia a los pacientes de forma oportuna. Este artículo explora conceptos epidemiológicos, la más reciente evidencia de los factores de riesgo asociados a LYA y mortalidad. Así como sus causas y potenciales medidas preventivas.

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