2007, Número 4
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Rev Invest Clin 2007; 59 (4)
Caries dental en escolares de una comunidad del noroeste de México con dentición mixta y su asociación con algunas variables clínicas, socioeconómicas y sociodemográficas
Villalobos-Rodelo JJ, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Lau-Rojo L, Verdugo-Barraza L
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 256-267
Archivo PDF: 99.60 Kb.
RESUMEN
Objetivos. Identificar algunas de las variables clínicas, sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas asociadas con la prevalencia de caries dental en la dentición temporal, así como con la prevalencia y severidad en la dentición permanente, en niños de seis a 10 años de edad con dentición mixta.
Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2270 escolares con dentición mixta en una comunidad del noroeste de México. Se realizaron exámenes clínicos para determinar la higiene bucal y la experiencia de caries dental utilizando los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, además de la clasificación de lesiones D
1/d
1 de Pitts. Las variables dependientes fueron c1eod › 0, C
1POD › 0 y C
1POD ≥ 4. Se distribuyeron cuestionarios a las madres de los niños para determinar las variables sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas. En el análisis se utilizó regresión logística.
Resultados. La edad promedio fue 8.1 ± 1.3 años y 50.9% fueron mujeres. El índice ceod fue 5.0 ± 3.2 (c
1eod › 0 = 91.6% de los participantes) y el C
1POD 2.5 ± 1.9 (C
1POD › 0=77.1% de los participantes). Las variables asociadas a la caries dental en la dentición temporal fueron menor edad (razón de momios (RM) = 0.76), alto consumo de azúcar (RM = 1.34), higiene bucal mediocre (RM = 2.24) y mala/muy mala (RM = 3.86), consumo frecuente de refrescos embotellados (RM = 2.25), haber tenido una consulta preventiva en el año previo al estudio (RM = 0.70), ser derechohabiente de un servicio de salud (RM = 0.63), y tener nivel socioeconómico bajo (RM = 1.92). Para la dentición permanente, las variables fueron sexo femenino (RM = 1.43), mayor edad del niño (RM = 2.21), mayor edad del padre (RM = 1.03), alto consumo de azúcares (RM = 1.38), higiene bucal mediocre (RM = 4.89) y mala/muy mala (RM = 8.74), y haber tenido caries en dientes temporales (RM = 6.88). En cuanto a la severidad (C
1POD ≥ 4), las tendencias fueron similares a las de prevalencia.
Conclusiones. La caries dental es un problema de salud pública en esta población. Diversas variables clínicas, sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas estuvieron asociadas a la caries dental en ambas denticiones.
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