Vallejo VE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 616-620
Archivo PDF: 87.30 Kb.

FRAGMENTO

El trasplante cardiaco es un tratamiento efectivo de la fase terminal en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. El éxito de esta terapéutica se debe en gran medida a los avances de la inmunosupresión, incluyendo el uso de la ciclosporina. Sin embargo, la sobrevida del paciente trasplantado se encuentra siempre bajo el riesgo del rechazo o bien de la vasculopatía coronaria. Por otro lado, el estudio del metabolismo y la reinervación en el corazón trasplantado han logrado captar la atención de los investigadores en los últimos años. Las diferentes técnicas de imagen con radionúclidos que permiten el estudio del sistema nervioso autónomo en el corazón y del metabolismo cardiaco son fundamentales para evaluar cuantitativamente estas variantes fisiológicas en el corazón trasplantado.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Jamieson SW, Hunt SA, Billingham M, Scott W, et al: Cyclosporin-A in cardiac allografting: a preliminary experience. Transplant Proc 1983; 15: 1247-52.

2. Caves PK, Stinson EB, Billingham ME: Diagnosis of human allograft rejection by serial cardiac biopsy. J Thoraci Cardiovasc Surg 1973; 66: 461-6.

3. Goswitz JJ, Braunlin E, Kubo SH, Bolman EM III, Nakhleh RE: Pathology of heart transplantation: study of autopsied and explanted allografts on emphasis on possible biopsy findings. Clin Transplant 1992; 6: 450-7.

4. Ballester M, Obrador D, Carrio I, Moya C, Auge JM, Bordes, et al: Early postoperative reduction of monoclonal antimyosin antibody uptake is associated with absent rejection-related complications after heart transplantation. Circulation 1992; 85: 61-8.

5. Haberl R, Weber M, Reichenspumer H, Kemkes BM, Osterholzer G, Anthuber M, et al: Frequency analysis of the surface electrocardiogram for recognition of acute rejection after otrhotopic cardiac transplantation in man. Circulation 1987; 76: 101-8.

6. Dubroff JM, Clarck MB, Wong CYH: Changes in left ventricular mass associated with the onset of acute rejection after cardiac transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1984; 3: 105-7.

7. Latre JM, Arizon JM, Jimenez-Heffeman A, Anguita M, Gonzalez FM, Rubio FL, et al: Noninvasive radioisotopic diagnosis of acute heart rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992; 11: 453-6.

8. Valantine HA, Fowler MB, Hunt SA, Naasz C, Hatle LK, Billingham ME, et al: Changes in Doppler echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular function as potential markers of acute cardiac rejection. Circulation 1987; 76: 86-92.

9. Canby RC, Evanochko WT, Barret LV, Kirklin JK, McGriffin DC, Sakai TT, et al: Monitoring the bioenergetics of cardiac allograft rejection using in vivo P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9: 1067-74.

10. Yamamoto S, Bergsland J, Michalek S: Uptake of myocardial imaging agents by rejecting and nonrejecting cardiac transplants: A comparative clinical study of thallium-201, technetium 99m, and gallium 67. J Nucl Med 1989; 30: 1464-9.

11. Meneguetti JC, Camargo EE, Soares J Jr: Gallium-67 imaging in human heart transplantation: correlation with endomyocardial biopsy. J Heart Transplant 1987; 6: 171-6.

12. Rubin PJ, Hatman JJ, Bakke JE, Bergmann SR: Imaging of cardiac transplant rejection with indium-111-labeled lymphocytes. Circulation 1995; 92(suppl 1): 1-577.

13. Frist W, Yasuda T, Segall G, Khaw BA, Strauss HW, Gold H, et al: Noninvasive detection of human cardiac transplant rejection with indium-111 monoclonal antimyosin Fab. Circulation 1987; 76(suppl V): V-81.

14. Carrio I, Bema L, Ballester M, Estorch M, Obrador D, Cladellas M, et al: Indium-111 antimyosin scintigraphy to assess myocardial damage in patients with myocarditis and cardiac rejection. J Nucl Med 1988; 29: 1893-900.

15. Khaw B-A, Narula J: Antibody imaging in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. J Nucl Cardiol 1994; 1: 457-76.

16. Ballester M, Obrador D, Carrio I, Auge JM, Moya C, Pons-Lladó G, et al: Indium-111-monoclonal antimyosin antibody studies after the first year of heart transplantation: Identification of risk groups for developing rejection during long-term follow-up and clinical implications. Circulation 1990; 82: 2100-8

17. Puig M, Ballester M, Matías-Guiu X, Bordes R, Carrió I, Holodgie FD, et al: Burden of myocardial damage in cardiac allograft rejection: Scintigraphic evidence of myocardial injury and histologic evidence of myocite necrosis and apoptosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2000; 7: 132-9.

18. Narula J, Kharbanda S, Khaw BA: Apoptosis and the heart. Chest 1997; 112: 1358-62.

19. Blankenberg F, Strauss HW, Narula J: In vivo detection of apoptotic cell death: a necessary measurement for evaluating therapy for myocarditis, ischemia and failure. J Nucl Cardiol 1999; 6: 531-9.

20. Guertner C, Krause BJ, Klepzig H: Sympathetic re-innervation after heart transplantation: dual-isotope neurotransmitter scintigraphy, norepinephrine content and histological examination. Eur J Nucl Med 1995; 22: 443-452.

21. Estorch M, Camprecios M, Flotats A, Mari C, Berna L, Catafau AM, et al: Sympathetic reinnervation of cardiac allograft evaluated by 1231-MIBG imaging. J Nucl Med 1999; 40: 911-6.

22. DeMarco T, Dae MW, Yuen-Green MS: Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphic assessment of the transplanted human heart: Evidence for late reinnervation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 927-931.

23. Gill JS, Hunter GJ, Gane G, Camm AJ: Heterogeneity of the human myocardial sympathetic innervation: In vivo demonstration by iodine-123-labeled metalodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Am Heart J 1993; 126: 390-398.

24. Schwaiger M, Hutchins GD, Kaliff V: Evidence for regional catecholamine uptake and storage sites in the transplanted human heart by positron emission tomography. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 1681-90.

25. Krivokapich J, Stevenson LW, Kobashigawa J, Huang SC, Schelbert HR: Quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion at rest and during exercise with positron emission tomography after human cardiac transplantation. Circulation 1991; 18: 512-7.

26. Drake-Holland AJ, Cummins P, English TA, Wallwork J, Birch PJ: Metabolic changes in the autotransplanted bsboon heart. Transplantation 1984; 38: 454-9.

27. Leenen FHH, Davies RA, Fourney A: Role of cardiac b2-receptors in cardiac responses to exercise in cardiac transplant patients. Circulation 1995; 91: 685-90.

28. Bennett WM, Porter GA: Cyclosporine associated hypertension. Am J Med 1988; 85: 131-3.

29. Gao SZ, Alderman EL, Schroeder ES, Silverman JF, Hunt SA: Accelerated coronary vascular disease in the heart transplant patient: coronary angiographic findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 586-95.

30. Hoff SJ, Stewart JR, Frist WH: Noninvasive detection of heart transplant rejection with positron emission scintigraphy. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53: 572-7.

31. Banner NR, Lloyd MH, Hamilton RD, Innes JA, Guz A, Yacoub M: Cardiopulmonary response to dynamic exercise after heart and combined heart-ling transplantation. Br Heart J 1989; 61: 215-23.

32. Rechavia E, de Silva R, Kushwaha SS, Rhodes CG, Araujo L, Jones T, Maseri A, et al: Enhanced myocardial 18F-2-deoxyglucose uptake after orthotopic heart transplantation assessed by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 533-8.

33. Gao S, Schroeder J, Alderman E, Hunt S, Stinson E: Clinical and laboratory correlates on accelerated coronary artery disease in the cardiac transplant patient. Circulation 1987; 76 Suppl V: V56-V61.

34. Gao S, Schroeder J, Hunt S, Stinson E: Retransplantation for severe vascular disease in the heart transplant patient: coronary arteriographic findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 334-40.

35. Hosenspud JD, Shipley GD, Wagner CR: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: current concepts, recent developments, and future directions. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992; 11: 9-23.

36. O’neill BJ, Pflugfelder PW, Singh NH, Menkis AH, Mckenzie FN, Kostuk WJ: Frequency of angiographic detection and quantitative assessment of coronary arterial disease one and three years after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 1221-6.

37. Verhoeven P, Forrester AL, Ramahi T, Franco K, Mendes de León C, Amatruda J, et al: Prognostic value of noninvasive testing one year after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 183-9.

38. Ciliberto GR, Mangiavacchi M, Banfi F, Massa D, Danzi G, Cataldo G, et al: Coronary artery disease after heart transplantation: non-invasive evaluation with exercise thallium scintigraphy. Eur Heart J 1993; 14: 226-9.