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2013, Número 2

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2013; 56 (2)


Factores vasculares implicados en la preeclampsia

Itami-Sordo ME, Jiménez-Nieto R, de Haro R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 18-24
Archivo PDF: 177.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

La preeclampsia es una enfermedad que únicamente se presenta en la mujer embarazada y que se caracteriza por hipertensión y proteinuria con o sin edema después de la semana 20 de embarazo. Aunque se han propuesto múltiples teorías para explicar su patogenia, recientemente éstas han confluido en una circulación placentaria deficiente que ocasiona hipoxia en el producto y disfunción endotelial sistémica en la madre al reducir los factores que promueven un adecuado funcionamiento endotelial. El receptor semejante a FMS 1 (sFlt-1) y la endoglina (sEng) solubles se han asociado a la disminución del factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial (VEGF) y el factor de crecimiento transformante (TGF) en el plasma materno, respectivamente; lo que contribuye a una irrigación deficiente del producto y a alteraciones maternas que conducen a hipertensión y proteinuria. Algunas sustancias como los anticuerpos contra angiotensina II pueden provocar la liberación de tales factores antiangiogénicos. La determinación del sFlt-1 y sEng en el plasma de mujeres embarazadas podrían llegar a utilizarse para predecir qué mujeres padecerán preeclampsia.


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