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Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2013, Número 1

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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2013; 58 (1)


Silimarina, ácido alfa-lipoico y seleniometionina en el tratamiento de hígado graso: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Vázquez FR, Reyes GJG, Fernández del Valle LC, Anaya RM, Rizzoli CA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 72
Paginas: 37-46
Archivo PDF: 99.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

El patrón histológico típico de la enfermedad hepática alcohólica es la esteatohepatitis. La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico es una condición frecuentemente encontrada en sujetos sanos que no consumen alcohol ni padecen alguna otra enfermedad hepática específica. El espectro de ésta va desde la esteatosis asintomática hasta la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica y cirrosis. Aunque la modificación de los factores de riesgo es la piedra angular del tratamiento para la enfermedad por hígado graso, en años recientes existe evidencia creciente de la utilidad de la medicina alternativa. Silybum marianum (milk thistle o silimarina) es la planta más estudiada para el tratamiento de la enfermedad hepática, especialmente en aquéllas causadas por el estrés oxidativo (enfermedad hepática alcohólica, enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico y hepatotoxicidad por medicamentos). Los principales efectos de la silimarina son la estabilización de membrana del hepatocito, efecto antioxidante, regenerador celular, efecto antiinflamatorio y antifibrótico. Estas propiedades han sido evaluadas en ensayos clínicos y experimentales. De acuerdo con estudios abiertos, la administración prolongada de silimarina incrementó significativamente la sobrevida de los pacientes con cirrosis inducida por alcohol. Existe poca evidencia sobre el uso del ácido alfa-lipoico (ácido tióctico) y del selenio en el tratamiento de la enfermedad hepática alcohólica.


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