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2013, Número 1

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AMC 2013; 17 (1)


Enfoque clínico del síndrome hepatorrenal

Arredondo BAE, Guerrero JG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 92-102
Archivo PDF: 115.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: el síndrome hepatorenal es un tipo de insuficiencia renal que ocurre en pacientes con cirrosis hepática. Es el resultado de la vasodilatación arterial esplácnica, la vasoconstricción renal, la reducción del volumen arterial eficaz, y la disminución potencial del gasto cardíaco. Desarrollo: el síndrome hepatorenal es una complicación fatal, y el único tratamiento definitivo actualmente disponible es el trasplante hepático o del hígado-riñón. Se han realizado otras modalidades terapéuticas en el manejo del síndrome hepatorenal, pero la gran mayoría se basan en estudios no controlados y con muestras muy pequeñas. El papel principal de estas opciones de tratamiento es proporcionar un puente al trasplante hepático. El tratamiento también puede proporcionar una regresión del fallo renal agudo y algún alivio sintomático, pero la recaída es la regla. Las mejores opciones terapéuticas parecen ser las que revierten la hipertensión portal, la vasodilatación esplácnica y la vasoconstricción renal. Conclusiones: las terapias artificiales de apoyo han demostrado la posibilidad de mejorar las anormalidades del laboratorio, y el cuadro clínico de estos pacientes, pero su efecto en la evolución al final no ha sido determinado. Las terapias de reemplazo renal, o las nuevas terapias de apoyo artificial del hígado necesitan de una extensa evaluación antes de que puedan recomendarse rutinariamente.


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