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Órgano Oficial del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Escuela y Facultad de Medicina-Xalapa

2012, Número S1

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Rev Med UV 2012; 12 (S1)


La Hormona de Crecimiento en el Sistema Nervioso Central

Regalado SC, López MML, Juárez AE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 29-35
Archivo PDF: 461.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hormona de crecimiento (HC) es una molécula multifuncional que igual estimula el crecimiento corporal que influye en el metabolismo de lípidos y proteínas y en la proliferación, diferenciación y sobrevivencia de diferentes tipos celulares. Incluso el mecanismo por el cual ejerce sus acciones es variable, pudiendo ejercer efectos directos a través de la activación de un receptor específico o mediante la estimulación de efectores secundarios como el factor de crecimiento parecido a insulina tipo I o IGF-I, por sus siglas en inglés. Tradicionalmente, la glándula hipófisis se ha considerado como la fuente principal de producción de la HC. Sin embargo, actualmente se sabe que esta hormona es producida localmente en diferentes tejidos en los que ejerce un efecto autocrino. Más aún, la HC se ha detectado desde las primeras fases de desarrollo mucho antes de la formación y activación de la glándula hipófisis apuntando hacia un papel central de esta hormona desde las primeras etapas de la vida. Por otra parte, estudios recientes han sugerido un papel importante de la HC en el desarrollo y funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Los datos experimentales apoyan la idea de un papel central de la HC en el SNC que va desde la regulación de la biología de células troncales neuronales hasta su participación en el mantenimiento de procesos cognitivos como el aprendizaje y la memoria. El presente trabajo recopila las evidencias que soportan la hipótesis de una función “cerebral” de la HC.


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