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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2012, Número 6

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2012; 69 (6)


Obesidad, conducta alimentaria e inseguridad alimentaria en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México

Ortiz-Hernández L, Rodríguez-Magallanes M, Melgar-Quiñónez H

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 431-441
Archivo PDF: 235.15 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. La inseguridad alimentaria se presenta cuando existe disponibilidad limitada de alimentos nutricionalmente adecuados. La desinhibición alimentaria se refiere al consumo excesivo de alimentos en ausencia de hambre. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación de la inseguridad alimentaria, la desinhibición alimentaria, el consumo de alimentos y la obesidad en adolescentes de la Ciudad de México.
Métodos. Se realizó una encuesta transversal con una muestra de adolescentes de la Ciudad de México (N=543). La variable independiente fue la existencia de inseguridad alimentaria, la cual fue identificada con el U.S. Household Food-Security/Hunger Survey Module. Las variables dependientes fueron el consumo de alimentos, la desinhibición alimentaria (evaluada mediante una escala) y el estado de nutrición (sobrepeso por IMC para edad, obesidad por pliegues tricipital y subescapular y obesidad abdominal mediante la circunferencia de cintura). Para evaluar la existencia de asociaciones se estimaron modelos de regresión logística.
Resultados. Los adolescentes que experimentaron inseguridad alimentaria tuvieron mayor probabilidad de presentar una forma de desinhibición alimentaria (hambre ante estímulos), mayor consumo de alimentos de origen animal y mayor prevalencia de obesidad abdominal. En los modelos de regresión logística se observó que el mayor riesgo de obesidad abdominal observado en los adolescentes con inseguridad alimentaria sin hambre se debía, en parte, a un indicador de desinhibición alimentaria (comer rápido). La inseguridad alimentaria no se relacionó con el sobrepeso y la obesidad.
Conclusiones. En esta muestra de adolescentes, la inseguridad alimentaria se relacionó con mayor riesgo de obesidad abdominal. Se requieren más estudios para ahondar y confirmar el posible papel mediador de la desinhibición alimentaria.



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