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2012, Número 4

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Evid Med Invest Salud 2012; 5 (4)


Toxina VCC de Vibrio cholerae: de la vacuolización a la muerte celular

Castañón-Sánchez CA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 114-119
Archivo PDF: 238.45 Kb.


RESUMEN

El cólera epidémico causado por Vibrio cholerae toxigénico perteneciente a los serogrupos O1 y O139 es un grave problema de salud pública en muchos países en desarrollo. La enfermedad se caracteriza por una diarrea aguda deshidratante causada principalmente por la toxina colérica, enterotoxina producida por estos microorganismos durante la patogénesis de la enfermedad. En su forma severa, los pacientes llegan a presentar choque hipovolémico, acidosis y muerte, si el tratamiento adecuado no es iniciado a tiempo. Dos características epidemiológicas distintivas del cólera son: la tendencia a aparecer en brotes explosivos, siempre y cuando inicien en focos distintos simultáneamente, y su propensión para causar verdaderas pandemias que afectan progresivamente muchos países en múltiples continentes en el transcurso de varios años. El género Vibrio incluye muchas especies diferentes, de las cuales pocas son patogénicas. El ejemplo clásico de especies patógenas de este género es V. cholerae. Además de producir toxina colérica, algunas cepas son capaces de secretar una toxina formadora de poros que induce la formación de vacuolas. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo abordar algunos aspectos moleculares del proceso de daño celular inducido por la citolisina vacuolizante VCC de V. cholerae.


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