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2012, Número 5

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Salud Mental 2012; 35 (5)


Los flavonoides y el Sistema Nervioso Central

Estrada-Reyes R, Ubaldo-Suárez D, Araujo-Escalona AG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 375-384
Archivo PDF: 218.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

El propósito de esta revisión fue describir los aspectos más relevantes de los flavonoides como su origen, sus fuentes y metabolismo, sus propiedades farmacológicas como antialérgicos, anticancerosos, anti-inflamatorios, analgésicos. También revisamos sus efectos sobre el SNC poniendo en evidencia su potencial farmacológico en la terapéutica de los trastornos mentales.
Los flavonoides son sustancias de bajo peso molecular que han estado presentes en la naturaleza durante millones de años. El hombre los consume en la dieta ya que están presentes de forma abundante en los vegetales, las frutas rojas como las fresas, zarzamoras, frutas cítricas, el chocolate, las nueces, el vino tinto y en varias plantas medicinales. Estos compuestos poseen una amplia gama de actividades farmacológicas entre las que destacan sus propiedades anti-oxidantes, las cuales les confieren capacidad de proteger a las células del estrés oxidativo relacionado con patologías asociadas al envejecimiento, como las enfermedades de Alzheimer y Parkinson.
En los últimos 30 años se ha realizado una intensa investigación sobre sus acciones en el SNC, entre las que sobresalen sus propiedades como ansiolíticos, sedantes, antidepresivos y anticonvulsivos. Se ha demostrado que estos efectos son mediados principalmente por los receptores GABA, en particular los receptores GABAA, por lo que los flavonoides han sido reconocidos como una nueva familia de benzodiazepinas, con la ventaja de no presentar los efectos colaterales que éstas producen.


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