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2012, Número 1

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Rev Latinoam Cir 2012; 2 (1)


Vitaminas hidrosolubles y su efecto sobre la expresión génica

Godínez-Rubí M, Valle-Anaya MG, Anaya-Prado R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 40-48
Archivo PDF: 190.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

La nutrición, como ciencia, surgió hacia finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, cuando Lavoisier inició el estudio del metabolismo. Sin embargo, Hipócrates, hacia el 400 a.C. ya pregonaba que “mientras se pueda curar al hombre con alimentos, no se empleen las drogas”. Actualmente se sabe que el estado de salud depende de la constitución genética y de una gran cantidad de elementos que conforman el ambiente. Podemos señalar como uno de los más importantes a los nutrientes que ingerimos. Las interacciones entre estos dos factores (genes y nutrientes) son actualmente estudiadas por una nueva ciencia denominada genómica nutricional. Ésta se encarga de describir las interacciones funcionales de los alimentos y sus componentes con el genoma a nivel molecular, celular y sistémico, con el objetivo de prevenir o tratar enfermedades a través de la dieta. La genómica nutricional incluye a la nutrigenómica y a la nutrigenética. La primera estudia el efecto que tienen los nutrientes y sustancias que ingerimos en los alimentos sobre la estructura y la expresión génica. La nutrigenética se encarga de dilucidar cómo las diversas variantes genéticas (polimorfismos) favorecen respuestas distintas a nutrientes específicos, lo que eventualmente lleva a diferencias en el estado de salud y enfermedad entre los individuos. La genómica nutricional es una ciencia joven aún con muchas áreas por describir. El papel de las vitaminas hidrosolubles en el mantenimiento de la salud ha dejado de ser el de sólo cofactores enzimáticos, para a ser el de reguladores activos de la expresión de genes. Sin embargo, hacen falta muchas investigaciones más para comprender su función y poder utilizar ese conocimiento en la prevención y tratamiento de muchas enfermedades, particularmente el cáncer y las patologías crónico-degenerativas.


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