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2011, Número 4

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Biotecnol Apl 2011; 28 (4)


Proteínas que remodelan y degradan la pared celular vegetal: perspectivas actuales

Quiroz-Castañeda RE, Folch-Mallol JL

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 122
Paginas: 205-215
Archivo PDF: 306.34 Kb.


RESUMEN

El material lignocelulósico constituye una materia prima potencial para la obtención de azúcares fermentables y biocombustibles. Algunas bacterias y hongos con cualidades ligninolíticas, pueden utilizar los desechos lignocelulósicos de la naturaleza (forestales, agrícolas y de jardín) como fuente de carbono. Tal actividad de degradación podría complementarse con la actividad de las proteínas que remodelan la pared celular, como las expansinas, identificadas en plantas. Estas proteínas pueden relajar los componentes de la pared celular y promover el crecimiento. Participan en procesos de desarrollo como la organogénesis, la abscisión, la maduración de los frutos, el crecimiento del tubo polínico, entre otros, donde ocurren modificaciones de la pared celular. Se ha planteado que las proteínas del tipo expansinas rompen los puentes de hidrógeno que unen los filamentos de celulosa y la celulosa con otros polisacáridos, mediante un proceso no enzimático, que favorece la posterior degradación de la pared celular. En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las características de la pared celular vegetal y su composición, así como de las enzimas ligninolíticas de bacterias y hongos que la degradan, las propiedades y el potencial que tienen las proteínas con actividad tipo expansina para hacer más eficiente la liberación de azúcares reductores del material lignocelulósico.


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