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2012, Número 4

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Salud Mental 2012; 35 (4)


Neuromodulación e histamina: regulación de la liberación de neurotransmisores por receptores H3

Aquino-Miranda G, Arias-Montaño José-Antonio

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 92
Paginas: 345-352
Archivo PDF: 322.54 Kb.


RESUMEN

La histamina regula a nivel pre y postsináptico diversas funciones del Sistema Nervioso de los mamíferos, el cual expresa de manera abundante tres (H1, H2 y H3) de los cuatro receptores a histamina acoplados a proteínas G descritos a la fecha (H1-H4). El receptor a histamina H3 (H3R) se identificó inicialmente como el autorreceptor responsable del control de la liberación y la síntesis de la histamina. Posteriormente se estableció que este receptor se encuentra también en las terminales axónicas de otras neuronas del Sistema Nervioso Central y periférico, donde regula como heterorreceptor la liberación de varios transmisores. En este trabajo se revisan los efectos de la activación del H3R en la liberación de histamina, acetilcolina, 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT, serotonina), noradrenalina, dopamina, glutamato, ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) y los neuropéptidos sustancia P y el péptido relacionado al gen de la calcitonina (CGRP). La regulación por el receptor H3 de la liberación de estos neurotransmisores y neuromoduladores, tanto en condiciones normales como patológicas, sugiere que los fármacos que actúen sobre dicho receptor pueden tener uso terapéutico en alteraciones diversas como los transtornos del sueño, las arritmias cardiacas causadas por isquemia, la migraña, la obesidad, la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la esquizofrenia.


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