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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2012, Número 05

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2012; 80 (05)


Mecanismos inmunológicos involucrados en el embarazo

Rico-Rosillo MG, Vega-Robledo GB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 332-340
Archivo PDF: 245.96 Kb.


RESUMEN

El embarazo evoluciona gracias a mecanismos que favorecen la implantación del embrión y permiten su desarrollo durante toda la gestación. Estos mecanismos involucran a las células inmunitarias participantes en la regulación de la respuesta y la tolerancia inmunitaria, así como a la protección conferida por citocinas Th2 y por moléculas expresadas en las células del trofoblasto. Lo anterior se logra gracias a la participación conjunta de factores locales expresados en la interfase materno-fetal; entre otros, el HLA-G, que inhibe la citotoxicidad de los linfocitos agresores e induce la apoptosis de células CD8 activadas; el factor de crecimiento transformante beta, que induce tolerancia, y los linfocitos agresores uterinos, que son funcionalmente diferentes de los periféricos. Participan, además, moléculas circulantes como la progesterona y la glicodelina, que son importantes reguladores de la respuesta inmunitaria. Desde el punto de vista inmunológico convencional, el embarazo es una condición inmunológica única, en donde el feto, semialogénico, evita ser rechazado inmunológicamente por la madre, al parecer por inducir más una tolerancia que una sensibilización.


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