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2011, Número 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2011; 22 (3)


Resistencia a la insulina e historia familiar de diabetes en niños y adolescentes obesos con acantosis nigricans y sin ella

González FP, Cabrera RE, Oti GMA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 71
Paginas: 210-224
Archivo PDF: 96.85 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: las complicaciones metabólicas más importantes para la morbilidad y mortalidad que se derivan de la obesidad tienen como común denominador la resistencia a la insulina.
Objetivo: determinar la existencia de resistencia a la insulina e historia familiar de diabetes en un grupo de niños y adolescentes obesos con y sin acantosis nigricans.
Métodos: se estudiaron 46 sujetos obesos con y sin acantosis nigricans (21 varones y 25 hembras), con edades entre 4 y 16 años, procedentes de la consulta de endocrinología del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "William Soler", en el período de noviembre de 2006 a febrero de 2007. Se les realizó, además de examen físico y anamnesis, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa con determinación de glucemia e insulinemia en ayunas y a las 2 h. Se utilizó como criterio de resistencia a la insulina el índice HOMA.
Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes (36 sujetos) presentaron resistencia a la insulina, independientemente de la presencia o no de acantosis nigricans, que no estuvo relacionada con el grado de obesidad ni con el pliegue tricipital de grasa, pero sí con la historia familiar de diabetes tipo 2. La presencia de acantosis nigricans estuvo relacionada con el grado de obesidad. Se encontró un 13 % de pacientes con criterios de prediabetes.
Conclusiones: la obesidad y la historia familiar de diabetes tipo 2 en los niños y adolescentes se relacionan con la presencia de resistencia a la insulina, independientemente de la presencia de acantosis nigricans.


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