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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2011, Número 4

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2011; 68 (4)


Resistencia antimicrobiana del Staphylococcus aureus en México

Miranda NMG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 262-270
Archivo PDF: 369.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

Desde su aparición, las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina se diseminaron por todo el mundo y, aunque se mantuvieron como un problema asociado al ambiente hospitalario, en los años 90 aparecieron los primeros casos en pacientes sin antecedentes de hospitalización, por lo que estas nuevas cepas recibieron la denominación de cepas de adquisición en la comunidad. Debido al comportamiento descrito en los hospitales (incremento de resistencia de 2 a 64% en 30 años) se teme que la diseminación se lleve a cabo eficientemente y se convierta en un problema grave de salud pública en este siglo. Los mecanismos que dieron lugar a la aparición de las cepas de adquisición en la comunidad siguen siendo motivo de controversia. En México, la información sobre la magnitud del problema se ha centrado en reportes de centros hospitalarios de tercer nivel. La frecuencia de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina es elevada (50-85%). Las opciones de tratamiento antimicrobiano son múltiples, pero deben seleccionarse tomando en cuenta el tipo de infección y los factores de riesgo del paciente. Hasta el momento, la única medida de prevención que ha demostrado ser útil para disminuir la resistencia antimicrobiana es el uso adecuado de antibióticos.


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