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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2011, Número 3

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Arch Neurocien 2011; 16 (3)


Efectos neurotóxicos de metales pesados (cadmio, plomo, arsénico y talio)

Nava-Ruíz C, Méndez-Armenta M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 77
Paginas: 140-147
Archivo PDF: 106.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

A pesar de los esfuerzos y avances científicos la exposición de los humanos a metales tóxicos continua, estos constituyen un riesgo para la salud pública principalmente en países en vías de desarrollo. El plomo, cadmio y talio son metales que se encuentran en el aire y agua como contaminantes ambientales y se asocian con múltiples efectos adversos en la salud; siendo varios los órganos y sistemas que se ven afectados por los metales tales como: riñón, pulmón, hígado sistema gastrointestinal y hematopoyético, pero principalmente el sistema nervioso central y periférico. La severidad y el daño de estos metales dependen del tiempo, nivel de exposición, susceptibilidad de la persona y además de la ruta por la cual el metal sea absorbido. Una variedad de mecanismos han sido atribuidos a la toxicidad de los metales pesados, pero con frecuencia están relacionados con la generación de radicales libres y disminución en el funcionamiento de enzimas antioxidantes ocasionando un incremento en el estrés oxidativo celular. Esta revisión pretende establecer algunos de los posibles mecanismos celulares por medio de los cuales los metales son capaces de inducir neurotoxicidad.


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