medigraphic.com
ISSN 2500-7106 (Digital)
ISSN 0123-2576 (Impreso)
Medicina & Laboratorio

2011, Número 07-08

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Medicina & Laboratorio 2011; 17 (07-08)


Hepatitis B

Toro MAI, Restrepo GJC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 311-329
Archivo PDF: 1249.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus de la hepatitis B es un agente viral común que infecta de forma crónica casi 400 millones de personas en el mundo, las cuales tienen un riesgo permanente de desarrollar cirrosis y/o carcinoma hepatocelular. La historia natural de la infección por este virus es dinámica, ya que los pacientes pueden fluctuar entre periodos con inflamación hepática y periodos con enfermedad inactiva. En la progresión de la enfermedad participan varios factores como el genotipo viral infectante, la edad al momento de la infección y el sexo masculino, entre otros. Las personas con alto riesgo de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B, deben ser evaluadas serológicamente y de ser negativas para la infección, deben ser vacunadas. Si por el contrario, se encuentran infectadas, deberán ser monitorizadas hasta descartar una progresión a la infección crónica, y si ésta se presenta, deberán ser seguidas de por vida con el fin de tratar de controlar el desarrollo de una posible cirrosis, o en el peor de los casos, de un carcinoma hepatocelular.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1486-1500.

  2. Agudelo C, Alzate I, Restrpo JC. Infección hepática crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B: una revisión con énfasis en los aspectos terapéuticos. Iatreia 2009; 22: 55-66.

  3. Lurman A. Eine icterus epidemic. Berl Klin Woschenschr 1885; 22: 20-23.

  4. Seeger C, Zoulim F, Mason WS. Hepadnaviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, et al. (eds). Fields Virology, 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; pp. 2977-3029, 2007.

  5. Blumberg BS. Australia antigen and the biology of hepatitis B. Science 1977; 197: 17-25.

  6. Lutwick LI, Robinson WS. DNA synthesized in the hepatitis B Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction. J Virol 1977; 21: 96-104.

  7. Chen HS, Kaneko S, Girones R, Anderson RW, Hornbuckle WE, Tennant BC, et al. The woodchuck hepatitis virus X gene is important for establishment of virus infection in woodchucks. J Virol 1993; 67: 1218-1226.

  8. Zoulim F, Saputelli J, Seeger C. Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo. J Virol 1994; 68: 2026-2030.

  9. McMahon BJ. Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis 2005; 25 Suppl 1: 3-8.

  10. Carey WD. The prevalence and natural history of hepatitis B in the 21st century. Cleve Clin J Med 2009; 76 Suppl 3: S2-5.

  11. CDC. Hepatitis B. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/hepb.pdf. Accessed May 11, 2011.

  12. Starkman SE, MacDonald DM, Lewis JC, Holmes EC, Simmonds P. Geographic and species association of hepatitis B virus genotypes in non-human primates. Virology 2003; 314: 381-393.

  13. Hu X, Margolis HS, Purcell RH, Ebert J, Robertson BH. Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 1661-1664.

  14. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, Lan CC, Roan CH, Huang FY, et al. Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 1983; 2: 1099-1102.

  15. Bond WW, Favero MS, Petersen NJ, Gravelle CR, Ebert JW, Maynard JE. Survival of hepatitis B virus after drying and storage for one week. Lancet 1981; 1: 550-551.

  16. Fong TL, Di Bisceglie AM, Biswas R, Waggoner JG, Wilson L, Claggett J, et al. High levels of viral replication during acute hepatitis B infection predict progression to chronicity. J Med Virol 1994; 43: 155-158.

  17. Nakamoto Y, Kaneko S. Mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced liver injury. Curr Mol Med 2003; 3: 537-544.

  18. Fattovich G. Natural history of hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2003; 39 Suppl 1: S50-58.

  19. Navas MC, Restrepo JC. Virus de las hepatitis. Fundamentos Básicos de Medicina. Microbiología de las infecciones humanas. CIM 2007; 472-486.

  20. de Franchis R, Meucci G, Vecchi M, Tatarella M, Colombo M, Del Ninno E, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 191-194.

  21. Pungpapong S, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ. Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: an update for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82: 967-975.

  22. Hoofnagle JH. Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Annu Rev Med 1981; 32: 1-11.

  23. Ribeiro RM, Lo A, Perelson AS. Dynamics of hepatitis B virus infection. Microbes Infect 2002; 4: 829-835.

  24. Hyams KC. Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 992-1000.

  25. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11: 97-107.

  26. McMahon BJ. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2009; 49: S45-55.

  27. Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, Bulkow LR, Homan CE, Snowball MM, Cagle HH, et al. Clearance of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and genotypes A, B, C, D, and F. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1452-1457.

  28. Yim HJ, Lok AS. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005. Hepatology 2006; 43: S173-181.

  29. Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST, Zhang HY, Leung KW, Lu L, et al. Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology 2007; 46: 395-401.

  30. Rockey DC. Antifibrotic therapy in chronic liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 95-107.

  31. Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H, et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1521-1531.

  32. Martinot-Peignoux M, Boyer N, Colombat M, Akremi R, Pham BN, Ollivier S, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver histology in inactive HBsAg carriers. J Hepatol 2002; 36: 543-546.

  33. Zacharakis GH, Koskinas J, Kotsiou S, Papoutselis M, Tzara F, Vafeiadis N, et al. Natural history of chronic HBV infection: a cohort study with up to 12 years follow-up in North Greece (part of the Interreg I-II/ECproject). J Med Virol 2005; 77: 173-179.

  34. Hoofnagle JH, Dusheiko GM, Seeff LB, Jones EA, Waggoner JG, Bales ZB. Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody in chronic type B hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 744-748.

  35. Fattovich G, Rugge M, Brollo L, Pontisso P, Noventa F, Guido M, et al. Clinical, virologic and histologic outcome following seroconversion from HBeAg to anti- HBe in chronic hepatitis type B. Hepatology 1986; 6: 167-172.

  36. Hadziyannis SJ, Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 34: 617-624.

  37. Mast EE, Weinbaum CM, Fiore AE, Alter MJ, Bell BP, Finelli L, et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006; 55: 1-33; quiz CE31-34.

  38. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 34: 1225-1241.

  39. Chu CM, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Fulminant hepatic failure in acute hepatitis C: increased risk in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. Gut 1999; 45: 613-617.

  40. Donato F, Boffetta P, Puoti M. A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1998; 75: 347-354.

  41. Liaw YF, Chen YC, Sheen IS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, Chu CM. Impact of acute hepatitis C virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1024-1029.

  42. Fattovich G, Giustina G, Christensen E, Pantalena M, Zagni I, Realdi G, et al. Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type B. The European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (Eurohep). Gut 2000; 46: 420-426.

  43. Broderick AL, Jonas MM. Hepatitis B in children. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23: 59-68.

  44. Teo EK, Ostapowicz G, Hussain M, Lee WM, Fontana RJ, Lok AS. Hepatitis B infection in patients with acute liver failure in the United States. Hepatology 2001; 33: 972-976.

  45. Sato S, Suzuki K, Akahane Y, Akamatsu K, Akiyama K, Yunomura K, et al. Hepatitis B virus strains with mutations in the core promoter in patients with fulminant hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 241-248.

  46. Lee WM, Squires RH, Jr., Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH. Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 2008; 47: 1401-1415.

  47. Carneiro de Moura M, Marinho R. [Natural history and clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis B virus]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26 Suppl 7: 11-18.

  48. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Diaz M, Cleries R. Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: S5-S16.

  49. El-Serag HB, Mason AC. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 745-750.

  50. Castells L. Virus de la hepatitis B y carcinoma hepatocelular. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 29: 86-92.

  51. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1020-1022.

  52. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1434-1440.

  53. Jaramillo MC. Serologías en las hepatitis virales. Iatreia 2011; 24: 76-86.

  54. Al-Shamahy HA, Hanash SH, Rabbad IA, Al-Madhaji NM, Naser SM. Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage and the Immune Response in Children under ten years old in Sana’a, Yemen. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2011; 11: 77-82.

  55. Alter MJ. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23: 39-46.

  56. Van Damme P. Hepatitis B: vaccination programmes in Europe--an update. Vaccine 2001; 19: 2375-2379.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com