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Medicina & Laboratorio

2011, Número 01-02

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2011; 17 (01-02)


Hepatitis A

Restrepo GJC, Toro MAI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 11-22
Archivo PDF: 718.15 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hepatitis causada por el virus de la hepatitis A es una enfermedad aguda, frecuente a nivel mundial. Aunque permanece endémica en países en desarrollo, las tasas de seroprevalencia en los países desarrollados continúan disminuyendo. En los niños la infección aguda usualmente es asintomática; sin embargo, en los adultos se pueden presentar una variedad de manifestaciones clínicas que van desde leves hasta una falla hepática fulminante, la cual afortunadamente, es muy poco frecuente. La transmisión de virus es generalmente por la ingestión de agua y alimentos contaminados con materia fecal que está infectada con el virus. El diagnóstico de la hepatitis A se basa en las pruebas de laboratorio, apoyadas en la búsqueda de anticuerpos tipo IgM, específicos para el virus de la hepatitis A. La inmunoprofilaxis con gamma globulina anti-VHA puede prevenir y atenuar la enfermedad en personas expuestas al virus. La vacuna por su parte, induce inmunidad a largo plazo y abre la posibilidad a la erradicación de esta enfermedad en el mundo.


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