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2001, Número 2

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Rev Mex Ing Biomed 2001; 22 (2)


Técnicas de asistencia para la recuperación de la locomoción funcional después de una lesión de médula espinal

Villanueva D, Muñoz R, Hernández PR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 98
Paginas: 89-100
Archivo PDF: 110.12 Kb.


RESUMEN

En el presente trabajo, se hace una revisión de algunos métodos actuales para la recuperación de la locomoción en pacientes con lesión de médula espinal. La revisión está enfocada hacia la disponibilidad, alcances y limitaciones de cada uno de los métodos descritos. Los esfuerzos y trabajos desarrollados, a lo largo de los últimos 30 años, encaminados al proceso de rehabilitación de pacientes con SCI, se pueden agrupar como: ortesis pasivas, ortesis activas, estimulación eléctrica funcional (FES), ortesis híbridas y re-entrenamiento sobre caminadora. Actualmente, las ortesis pasivas representan la única alternativa disponible, para que un paciente parapléjico, pueda mantener una posición vertical y recuperar parcialmente la locomoción funcional. En la actualidad el principal reto en clínica es el gran rechazo para continuar usando una ortesis, por parte de pacientes que inician un proceso de rehabilitación física y entrenamiento. Las áreas de necesidad y desarrollo de trabajos futuros están enfocándose hacia sistemas que proporcionen independencia de locomoción, que tengan un bajo costo metabólico y que incorporen actuadores con una alta densidad de potencia, que ayuden a disminuir el peso sin sacrificar potencia. El uso de sistemas de entrenamiento locomotor, con el cuerpo parcialmente soportado está demostrando que puede ser considerada como una excelente alternativa para lograr la recuperación de la locomoción funcional. Los diseñadores deben enfocarse en cubrir las necesidades del usuario, pensando principalmente en los beneficios funcionales.


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