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2011, Número 4

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Acta Med 2011; 9 (4)


Ruptura total de isquiotibiales mediales

Domínguez-Gasca LG, Domínguez-Carrillo LG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 204-210
Archivo PDF: 296.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los músculos isquiotibiales se lesionan en actividades que requieren velocidad y contracción excéntrica; por ejemplo, en los deportes que implican carrera y salto es la lesión muscular más frecuente. Un importante factor de riesgo se presenta en esquiadores en agua durante la flexión abrupta de cadera con extensión completa de rodilla al elevar la punta del esquí. La biomecánica de los músculos isquiotibiales es compleja ya que son músculos biarticulares que están involucrados durante la marcha y la carrera, así mismo dependen de varios factores como: posición pélvica, grado de flexión o extensión de las articulaciones de cadera y rodilla, la fuerza y velocidad de contracción excéntrica o concéntrica requerida; su lesión puede ser: desde leve, con recuperación rápida, hasta lesiones severas con ruptura total que pueden requerir de 16 a 50 semanas de recuperación. Después de la lesión, el riesgo de recidiva se incrementa hasta 70%; el diagnóstico es clínico y suele confirmarse por ultrasonido y/o resonancia magnética; el tratamiento requiere manejo de rehabilitación temprano y constante. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con ruptura total de los isquiotibiales mediales, así como revisión de la literatura.


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