medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría

2011, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Acta Pediatr Mex 2011; 32 (4)


Composición e inmunología de la leche humana

García-López R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 223-230
Archivo PDF: 350.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

La leche humana es un líquido producido por la glándula mamaria, de gran complejidad biológica, constituido por nutrimentos, substancias inmunológicas, hormonas, enzimas, factores de crecimiento, células inmunoprotectoras, etc., que la hacen nutricional e inmunológicamente apta para que un niño sea alimentado con ella en forma exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses de vida. La OMS recomienda la alimentación al seno materno hasta los dos años de edad, aun cuando se inicie la alimentación complementaria, pues la leche materna ofrece grandes beneficios. Capacitar al personal de salud acerca de sus beneficios, incrementará el apoyo y fomentará este alimento en los lactantes.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Schanler RJ, Goldblum RM, Garza C, Goldman AS. Human milk for preterm infants: nutritional and immune factors. Semin Perinatol 1989;25(2):184-8.

  2. Aguayo J. Maternal lactation for preterm newborn infants. Early Hum Dev 2001;65(Suppl):S19-29.

  3. Reyes Vázquez H. Características de la leche materna. En: Reyes Vázquez H, Martínez González A. Lactancia Humana. Bases para lograr su éxito. 1ª ed. México: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2011. p. 80-6.

  4. Lawrence RA, Lawrence RM. Bioquímica de la leche humana. En: Lawrence RA, Lawrence RM. Lactancia Materna. Una guía para la profesión médica. 6ª ed. Madrid, España: Elsevier España; 2007. p. 111-76.

  5. Manotas R. Alimentación del Neonato. En: Manotas R. Neonatología. 1ª ed. Medellín, Colombia: Ed. Universidad de Antioquía; 1994. p. 225-51.

  6. Aguilar Cordero MJ. Composición, propiedades y bioquímica de la Leche Humana. En: Aguilar Cordero MJ. Lactancia Materna. 1ª ed. Madrid, España: Elsevier Science; 2005. p. 51-61.

  7. Ho FCS, Wong RLC, Lawton JWM. Human colostral and breast milk cells, a light and electron microscopic study. Acta Paediatr 1979;68:389-96.

  8. Uruakpa FO, Ismond MAH, Akobundu ENT. Calostrum and its benefits: a review. Nutr Res 2002;22:755-67.

  9. Wellstart International Lactation Management Self-Study Modules, Level I, Third Edition (Revised), Shelburne, Vermont: Wellstart International, 2009. Disponible en: http://www.wellstart.org/Self-Study-Module.pdf

  10. Almroth SG. Water requirements of breast fed infants in a hot climate. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:1154-7.

  11. Sachdev HP, Krishna J, Puri RK, Satyanarayana L, Kumar S. Water supplementation in exclusively breastfed infants during summer in the tropics. Lancet 1991;337(8761):929-33.

  12. Garza C, Schanler RJ, Butte NF, Motil KJ. Special properties of human milk. Clin Perinatol 1987;14(1):11-32.

  13. Kunz C, Rudloff S, Baier W, Klein N, Strobel S. Oligosaccharides in human milk: structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. Annu Rev Nutr 2000;20:699-722.

  14. Coppa GV, Gabrielli O, Pierani P, Catassi C, Carlucci A, Giorgi PL. Changes in carbohydrate composition in human milk over 4 months of lactation. Pediatrics 1993;91(3):637-41.

  15. Ramakrishnan U. Significado de los ácidos grasos omega 3 (n-3) y omega 6 (n6) para la nutrición pediátrica. Programa de Actualización Pediátrica Crescere. Tema 1, Módulo 1 2006. Disponible en: http://www.nestle-pediatria.com.mx/seminario/lecturaActual.asp?tema=1&modulo=1

  16. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and inflammation. From molecular biology to the clinics. Lipids 2003;38:342-52.

  17. Demmers TA, Jones PJH, Wang Y, Krug S, Creutzinger V, Heubi J. Effects of early cholesterol intake on cholesterol biosynthesis and plasma lipids among infants until 18 months of age. Pediatrics 2005;115(6):1594-601.

  18. Fall CHD, Barker DJP, Osmond C, Winter PD, Clark PMS, Hales CN. Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischemic heart disease. BMJ 1992;304:801-5.

  19. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Odoki K, Gilg JA, Cook DG. Infant feeding and blood cholesterol: a study in adolescents and a systematic review. Pediatrics 2002;110(3):597-608.

  20. Hanosh M. Does infant nutrition affect adiposity and cholesterol levels in adult? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7(1):10-6.

  21. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Kaye SJ, et al. Does initial breast feeding lead to lower blood cholesterol in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:305-14.

  22. Wong WW, Hachey DL. Effect of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol synthesis in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. J Lipid Res 1993;34:1403-11.

  23. Cruz MLA, Wong WW, Mimouni F, Hachey DL, Setchell KDR, Tsang RC. Effects of infant nutrition on cholesterol synthesis rates. Pediatr Res 1994;35(2):135-40.

  24. Feng P, Gao M, Holley T, Zhou T, Burgher A, Trabulsi J, et al. Aminoacid composition and protein content of mature human milk from nine countries. FASEB J 2009;23:LB 448.

  25. Akeson PM, Axelsson IE, Raiha NC. Protein and amino acid metabolism in three-to twelve-month- old infants fed human milk or formulas with varying protein concentrations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;26:297-304.

  26. López Alvarez MJ. Proteins in human milk. Breastfeed Rev 2007;15(1):5-16.

  27. Heine WE, Klein PD, Reeds PJ. The Importance of alpha- Lactalbumin in infant nutrition. J Nutr 1991;121:277-83.

  28. Lönnerdal B, Lien EL. Nutritional and physiologic significance of alpha-Lactalbumin in infants. Nutrition Review 2003;61(9):295-305.

  29. Lönnerdal B. Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77(6):1537S-43S.

  30. Lönnerdal B. Nutritional roles of lactoferrin. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12(3):293-927.

  31. Hosea Blewett HJ, Cicalo MC, Holland CD, Field CJ. The immunological components of human milk. Adv Food Nutr Res 2008;54:45-80.

  32. Lönnerdal B. Bioactive proteins in human milk: mechanisms of action. J Pediatr 2010;156(Suppl 2):S26-30.

  33. Aguilar Cordero MJ. Componentes bioquímicos de la leche humana. Vitaminas, minerales y otros compuestos. En: Aguilar Cordero MJ. Lactancia Materna. 1ª ed. Madrid, España: Elsevier Science; 2005. p. 65-76.

  34. Allen LH. Multiple micronutrients in pregnancy and lactation: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81(5):1206S-12S.

  35. Taylor SN, Wagner CL, Hollis BW. Vitamin D supplementation during lactation to support infant and mother. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27(6):690-701.

  36. Greer FR. Vitamin K status of lactating mothers and their infants. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999;88(430):95-103.

  37. Lönnerdal B, Kelleher SL. Micronutrient transfer: infant absorption. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009;639:29-40.

  38. Abrams SA. Building bones in babies: can and should we exceed the human milk-fed infant’s rate of bone calcium accretion? Nutr Rev 2006;64(11):487-94.

  39. Field CJ. The immunological components of human milk and their effect on immune development in infants. J Nutr 2005;135(1):1-4.

  40. Lawrence RM. Factores de resistencia del huésped e importancia inmunológica de la leche humana. En: Lawrence RA, Lawrence RM. Lactancia Materna. Una guía para la profesión médica. 6ª ed. Madrid, España: Elsevier España; 2007. p. 183-224.

  41. Lawrence RM, Pane CA. Human breast milk: Current concepts of immunology and infectious diseases. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health 2007;37:7-36.

  42. Baeza-Bacab MA. Aspectos inmunológicos de la leche materna. En: Reyes Vázquez H, Martínez González A. Lactancia Humana. Bases para lograr su éxito. 1ª ed. México: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2011. p. 87-91.

  43. Newburg DS. Walker WA. Protection of the neonate by the innate immune system of developing gut and of human milk. Pediatr Res 2007;61(1):1-8.

  44. Yamamoto M, Kweon MN, Rennert PD, Hiroi T, Fujihashi K, McGhee JR, et al. Role of gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues in antigen-specific intestinal IgA immunity. J Immunol 2004;173(2):762-9.

  45. Van Odjik J, Kull I, Borres MP, Brandtzaeg P, Edberg U, Hanso LA, et al. Breastfeeding and allergic disease: a multidisciplinary review of the literature (1966-2001) on the mode of early feeding in infancy and its impact on later atopic manifestations. Allergy 2003;58(9):833-43.

  46. Ogundele MO. Inhibitors of complement activity in human breast-milk: a proposed hypothesis of their physiological significance. Mediators Inflamm 1999;8(2):64-75.

  47. Donnet-Hughes A, Duc N, Serrant P, Vidal K, Schiffrin EJ. Bioactive molecules in milk and their role in health and disease: the role of transforming growth factor-beta. Immunol Cell Bioll 2000;78(1):74-9.

  48. Lindmark-Mansson H, Akeson B. Antioxidative factor in milk. Br J Nutr 2000;84(Suppl 1):S103-10.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com