Luna P, Pastelín G, Martínez M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas: 111-125
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RESUMEN

La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad metabólica que constituye un poderoso factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). El 80% aproximadamente de estos pacientes mueren de ECV y cerca del 75% corresponden a muertes por enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). En la DM existen diversas alteraciones que hacen más susceptible al corazón al daño por isquemia-reperfusión (I/R). Por otra parte, la cardioprotección constituye todas las intervenciones o estrategias que evitan o disminuyen el daño por I/R. Una de estas estrategias es el precondicionamiento por isquemia (PCI) el cual consiste en breves períodos de isquemia seguidos de un período isquémico prolongado, el cual también se puede inducir por fármacos. La cardioprotección inducida por el PCI es inhibida en condiciones de DM. En esta revisión se describen las alteraciones del metabolismo de los principales sustratos energéticos (ácidos grasos y glucosa) que se presentan en condiciones de DM. Además se estudia la influencia que ejerce el fenómeno de la memoria metabólica en el curso de la DM y constituye en la actualidad uno de los principales factores que favorecen la susceptibilidad del paciente diabético para desarrollar ECV, ya que induce complicaciones micro y macrovasculares; se describen también los mecanismos propuestos para la instalación de la memoria metabólica y cómo este fenómeno inhibe el PCI en animales de experimentación. Finalmente se presentan las estrategias para proteger al corazón diabético de los efectos deletéreos de la memoria metabólica. Se resalta la importancia de un diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad y del control de la glucemia.

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