Zúñiga-Guajardo S, Aldrete VJ, Alexanderson REG, Arechavaleta GMR, García GE, García HPA, González GG, Mendoza ZV, Violante ORM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 141-159
Archivo PDF: 696.57 Kb.

RESUMEN

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una pandemia mundial y en la actualidad una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad y representa una enorme carga económica para las instituciones de salud. Las complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes son frecuentes, progresivas, graves y costosas. Los tratamientos actualmente disponibles tienen diversos mecanismos de acción; sin embargo, ninguno modifica la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, con lo que el deterioro progresivo de las células beta pancreáticas continúa de manera inexorable y algunos de ellos pueden incluso asociarse con efectos adversos, como: hipoglucemia, ganancia de peso, efectos gastrointestinales y edema periférico. Los nuevos medicamentos basados en el efecto sobre las incretinas reducen favorablemente la hemoglobina glucosilada (A1c), inducen la pérdida de peso y tienen bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia. Liraglutide es el primer análogo del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1) aprobado para su administración una sola vez al día. Los resultados de los estudios del programa LEAD (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes) mostraron que su efecto es favorable sobre la A1c, con disminución del peso corporal mantenida a lo largo del tiempo y con un bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia, con un perfil metabólico favorable sobre los lípidos y la presión arterial sistólica. Además, puede indicarse desde etapas tempranas de la enfermedad y combinarse prácticamente con cualquier antidiabético. Este artículo revisa detalladamente el programa LEAD y la evidencia más reciente relacionada con este novedoso medicamento para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

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