Santos-Torres MI, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Troyo-Sanromán R, Méndez-de León E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 7-12
Archivo PDF: 197.30 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: La OMS recomienda la LM exclusiva los primeros 6 meses. Los hospitales Amigos del Niño y de la Madre promueven estas recomendaciones.
Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de lactancia materna en los primeros seis meses en díadas madre/hijo.
Población y métodos: Durante el puerperio se reclutaron al azar 125 madres con RN sanos y se evaluaron a los 60, 120 y 180 días para investigar las prácticas de alimentación infantil.
Resultados: Se otorgaron 378 consultas de seguimiento a la población total (promedio, media = 3.01 ± 0.77). Se cuenta con información completa sobre prácticas de alimentación en 100% de los casos a los 2 meses, 98% a los 4 meses y 95.2% a los 6 meses; 54, 50 y 49% de los lactantes recibieron leche humana como única fuente de leche a los 60, 120 y 180 días. Además, 35, 29 y 23% recibieron LM parcial en los mismos periodos. La LM exclusiva estuvo presente en sólo 45, 32 y 12% a los 2, 4 y 6 meses, respectivamente. Se introdujeron alimentos complementarios a 0.8, 43 y 76% a los 60, 120 y 180 días. 10, 20 y 28% de los lactantes fueron destetados a los 2, 4 y 6 meses, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Las prácticas de lactancia han mejorado en los últimos 15 años, aunque la LM exclusiva es todavía infrecuente. La introducción temprana de alimentos complementarios continúa, a pesar de las actuales recomendaciones. La LM exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses debe ser enfatizada en los distintos niveles de atención de los sistemas de salud.

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