2011, Número 1
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Med Crit 2011; 25 (1)
Ventilación de alta frecuencia oscilatoria en pacientes con neumonía grave secundaria a influenza humana AH1N1 e hipoxemia refractaria a ventilación mecánica convencional
Carrillo ER, Arch TE, Garnica EMA
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 33-40
Archivo PDF: 270.78 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La neumonía secundaria a virus de influenza AH1N1 puede evolucionar a SIRA primario e hipoxemia refractaria a ventilación convencional. En estos casos la ventilación oscilatoria de alta frecuencia (VOAF) puede ser una buena alternativa terapéutica.
Objetivo: Describir la evolución y respuesta de enfermos con neumonía por influenza AH1N1 e hipoxemia refractaria a ventilación convencional que se manejaron con VOAF.
Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron dos enfermos con neumonía grave e hipoxemia refractaria a ventilación convencional, que se definió como niveles de PaO
2 ‹ 80 mmHg con FiO
2 › 80% durante ventilación controlada por presión con una estrategia protectora y reclutamiento máximo, con presión positiva al final de la espiración (PPFE) de › 20 cmH
2O, volumen corriente (VC) entre 6 a 8 mL/kg y frecuencia respiratoria entre 15 a 18/minuto. La VOAF se programó de manera inicial con 5 Hertz (Hz), presión media de la vía aérea (Pmva) de 25 mmHg y fracción inspirada de oxígeno del 100% que se disminuyó de acuerdo a la evolución hasta llegar a un 40%. Se evaluaron antes y después de la VOAF parámetros respiratorios: PaO
2, SaO
2, índice de Kirby (IK), presión arterial de bióxido de carbono (PaCO
2), cortocircuitos (Qs/Qt) y hemodinámicos: Saturación venosa central de oxígeno (SvcO
2), gasto cardiaco (GC), índice cardiaco (IC) y volumen de variabilidad sistólica (VVS).
Resultados: La VOAF incrementó de manera significativa la PaO
2 de 80 mmHg a 110 mmHg (p = 0.011), el índice de Kirby, la saturación venosa central de oxígeno y se asoció a disminución de los cortocircuitos intrapulmonares. Durante el procedimiento ventilatorio no se presentó deterioro hemodinámico lo que se manifestó como normalización del VVS y el mantenimiento del GC e IC. Los dos enfermos sobrevivieron.
Conclusiones: La VOAF es una buena alternativa ventilatoria para los enfermos con neumonía grave secundaria a virus de la influenza AH1N1 e hipoxemia refractaria a ventilación convencional.
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