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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2010, Número 3

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Gac Med Mex 2010; 146 (3)


Alteraciones celulares y moleculares no clásicas en el desarrollo del cáncer

Valdespino-Gómez VM, Valdespino-Castillo VE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 79
Paginas: 185-198
Archivo PDF: 121.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

Se requieren numerosas alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas para producir la transformación maligna de las células normales. Estas alteraciones participan en las vías moleculares intracelulares oncogénicas que permiten la proliferación y la diseminación de las células tumorales. Hanahan y Weinberg, en su artículo The hallmarks of cancer, puntualizaron las principales características celulares adquiridas en el desarrollo y progresión del cáncer: autosuficiencia de los señalamientos moleculares que inducen crecimiento, insensibilidad a los señalamientos de anticrecimiento, evasión de la apoptosis, potencial ilimitado de la replicación celular, angiogénesis aumentada, e invasión tisular y desarrollo de metástasis. Esta revisión examina otras características biológicas importantes estudiadas en años recientes, entre algunas de las más importantes biomarcas no clásicas del cáncer destacan la inestabilidad genómica, la evasión de la senescencia celular, las alteraciones epigenéticas que modifican los genes relacionados con el cáncer, las alteraciones de la expresión génica por interferencia del mRNA, las alteraciones en el metabolismo intermedio de la glucosa y la glutamina, la participación de las stem cells cancerosas en el mantenimiento de la proliferación celular, la participación de las células estromales en el microambiente tumoral, y las alteraciones en la presentación antigénica celular junto con la inmunosupresión por citocinas en el microambiente tumoral. La identificación de las biomarcas moleculares clásicas y no clásicas del proceso tumoral en un tumor específico, permitirá el mejor entendimiento de su fisiopatología y el diseño de estrategias terapéuticas dirigidas personalizadas.


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