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2008, Número 1

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2008; 28 (1)


Infecciones de sitio quirúrgico. De la patogénesis a la prevención

Vilar CD, García PB, Sandoval HS, Castillejos A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 24-34
Archivo PDF: 120.00 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) son las más frecuentes en los pacientes operados y en algunos hospitales son las de mayor incidencia entre las infecciones nosocomiales. Las ISQ aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes y los costos de atención. Su génesis es un proceso complejo en el que los factores ambientales del huésped, de la sala de operaciones, de la propia cirugía y de los microorganismos involucrados interactúan de tal forma que permiten su desarrollo. En la literatura existen pocos estudios que demuestren de manera contundente la relación causal de un determinado factor de riesgo con una infección quirúrgica. Los programas de vigilancia por 30 días o más, con retroalimentación a los cirujanos, pueden disminuir por sí solos de 35% a 50% de las ISQ y ayudan a mantener bajas las tasas de estas infecciones. Esto es una prioridad para los hospitales, el personal de salud y los propios pacientes, por lo que las medidas de prevención que ayudan a su disminución son realmente valiosas. La profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria adecuada, la normotermia, la preparación adecuada de la piel y una buena técnica quirúrgica constituyen, entre otras, medidas de prevención esenciales.


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