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2010, Número 5

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Rev Mex Pediatr 2010; 77 (5)


Actualidades en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las cardiopatías congénitas

Riera-Kinkel C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 125
Paginas: 214-223
Archivo PDF: 225.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

Con objeto de entender el tratamiento quirúrgico de los niños con cardiopatías congénitas, el médico debe responder, de una manera secuencial las siguientes preguntas: ¿Es una cardiopatía con o sin cianosis? ¿Involucra uno o los dos ventrículos? ¿El niño tiene pulsos normales en las extremidades? Después, la radiografía de tórax, el ecocardiograma (en sus diferentes modalidades) y los otros estudios de diagnóstico de mayor complejidad ¿son normales? Es en este sentido que se hace una revisión actualizada del diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico que se recomienda en las cardiopatías congénitas comunes en los neonatos, lactantes o en primera infancia.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Jonas RAa. Comprehensive surgical management of congenital heart disease. London: Aarnold; 2004.

  2. Criterios de tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes. Rev Med IMSS (Mex) 1989; 27: 339-45.

  3. G gross RE. Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729-31.

  4. Blalock Aa, Ttaussig HB. Tthe surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 1945; 128: 189-202.

  5. Muller WH, Dammann JF. treatment of certain congenital malformations

  6. of the heart by the creation of pulmonic stenosis to reduce pulmonary hypertension and excessive pulmonary blood flow: Aa preliminary report. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1952; 95: 213.

  7. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE et al. Tthe results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446-52.

  8. Marino BS, Wernovsky Gg. Preoperative and postoperative care of the infant with critical congenital heart disease. In: Aavery GgB, Fletcher MAa, MacDonald MGg, editors. Neonatology. Pathophysiology and management of the newborns. 5a. ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2005 647-98.

  9. gibbons JH. Aapplication of mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn Med 1954; 33: 171-85.

  10. Lewis FJ, Ttaufic M. Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia: Experimental accomplishments and the report of the one successful case. Surgery 1953; 33: 52-9.

  11. Warden HE, Cohen M, Read RC, Lillehei CW. Controlled cross circulation for open intracardiac surgery. J Thorac Surg 1954; 28: 331.

  12. Barratt-Boyes BGg, Neutze JM, Harris EAa. Heart disease in infancy. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone, 1973.

  13. Steele PM, Fuster V, Cohen M, Ritter DGg, McGgoon DC. Isolated atrial septal defect with pulmonar vascular obstructive disease-long term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 1987; 76: 1037-42.

  14. Warden HE, Ggustafson RAa, Ttarnay TtJ, Neal WAa. Aan alternative method for repair of parcial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38: 601-5.

  15. gao YAa, Burrows PE, Benson LJ, Ravinovitch M, Freedom RM. Scimitar syndrome in infancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 873-82.

  16. Delisle Gg, Aando M, Calder AaL. Ttotal anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Report of 93 autopsied cases with emphasis on diagnostic and surgical considerations. Am Heart J 1976; 91: 99-122.

  17. Burroughs JTt, Edwards JE. Ttotal anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Am Heart J 1960; 59: 913-8.

  18. Van Mierop LHS, Aalley RD, Kausel HW, Stranahan Aa. Tthe anatomy and embriology of endocardial cushion defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962; 43: 71-83.

  19. Haworth SGg. Pulmonary vascular bed in children with complete atrioventricular septal defects: Relation between structural and hemodynamic abnormalities. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 833-9.

  20. Boening Aa, Scheewe J, Heine K et al. Long-term results after surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defects. Eur J Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 22: 167-73.

  21. Van Praagh R, Ggeva Tt, Kreutzer J. Ventricular septal defects: How shall we describe, name and classify them. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1298-9.

  22. Soto B, Ceballos R, Kirklin JW. Ventricular septal defects. Aa surgical viewpoint. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1291-7.

  23. Castaneda AaR, Jonas RAa, Mayer JE, Hanley FL. Cardiac surgery of the neonate and infant. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1994: 8-18.

  24. Richardson JV, Doty DB, Rossi NP, Ehrenhaft JL. Tthe spectrum of anomalies of aortopulmonary septation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 21-77.

  25. A azakie Aa, David TtE, Peniston CM, Rao V, Williams WGg. Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: early recurrence and fate of the aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 1466-70.

  26. Hermes-De Santis ER, Clyman RI. Patent ductus arteriosus: pathophysiology and management. J Perinatol 2006; 26: S14-8.

  27. alva-Espinosa C. Aante el adulto con cardiopatía congénita. Rev Mex Cardiol 2006; 17(3): 155-8.

  28. attie F. Aaspectos de interés en las cardiopatías congénitas del adulto. Arch Cardiol Mex 2004; 74 (Supl. 2): S410-7.

  29. Coggin CJ, Parker KR, Keith JD. Natural history of isolated patent ductus arteriosus and the effect of surgical correction: twenty years’ experience at the Hospital for Sick Children, Ttoronto. Can Med Assoc J 1970; 102: 718-20.

  30. Campbell M. Natural history of persistent ductus arteriosus. Br Heart J 1968; 30: 4-7.

  31. Pigula FAa, Khalil PN, Mayer JE, del Nido PJ, Jonas RAa. Repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and young infants. Circulation 1999; 100: 157-61.

  32. Zuberbuhler JR, Aanderson RH. Morphologic variations in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Br Heart J 1979; 41: 281-8.

  33. Lev M, Bharati S, Meng CC, Liberthson RR, Paul MH, Idriss F. Aa concept of double outlet right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 64: 271-81.

  34. Stewart RW, Kirklin JW, Pacifico AaD, Blackstone EH, Bargeron LM. Repair of double outlet right ventricle: an analysis of 62 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 502-14.

  35. T taussig HB, Bing RJ. Complete transposition of the aorta and a levoposition of the pulmonary artery. Clinical, physiological and pathological findings. Am Heart J 1949; 37: 551-9.

  36. McGgoon DC, Rastelli GgC, Ongley PAa. Aan operation for the correction of truncus arteriosus. JAMA 1968; 205: 69-73.

  37. Castaneda AaR, Lamberti J, Sade RM, Williams RGg, Nadas AaS. Open-heart surgery in the first three months of life. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1974; 68: 719-31.

  38. Senning Aa. Surgical correction of transposition of great vessels. Surgery 1959; 45: 966-1004.

  39. Jatene AaD, Fontes VF, Paulista PP et al. Aanatomic correction of transposition of great vessels. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72: 364-70.

  40. Castaneda AaR, Norwood WI, Jonas RAa, Colan SD, Sanders SP, Lang P. Ttransposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum: Aanatomical repair in the neonate. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 5: 438-43.

  41. Norwood WI, Dobell AaR, Freed MD, Kirklin JW, Blackstone EH. Intermediate results of the arterial switch repair. Aa 20-institution study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96: 854-63.

  42. Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Hanley FL. Tthe double switch procedure for anatomical repair of congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries in infants and children. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1470-7.

  43. de Leval MR, McKay R, Jones M, Stark J, MacCartney FJ. Modified Blalock-Ttaussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic-pulmonary artery shunts. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 1981; 81: 112-9.

  44. G glenn WWL. Circulatory bypass of the right heart. IV. Shunt between superior vena cava and distal right pulmonary artery-report of clinical application. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 117-22.

  45. Fontan F, Baudet E. Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax 1971; 26: 40-8.

  46. Damus PS. proposed operation for transposition of great vessels. Ann Thorac Surg 1975; 20: 724.

  47. Stansel HC. new operation for d-loop transposition of the great vessels. Ann Thorac Surg 1975; 19: 565-7.

  48. Kaye MP. Aanatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. Mayo Clin Proc 1975; 50: 638-40.

  49. Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia- hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983; 208: 23-6.

  50. Sano S, Kawada M, Yoshida H et al. Norwood procedure to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46: 1311-6.

  51. Ho SY, Wilcox BR, Aanderson RH, Lincoln JC. Interrupted aortic arch. Aanatomic features of surgical significance. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 31: 199-205.

  52. Crafoord C, Nykub Gg. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Surg 1945; 14: 347-61.

  53. gross RE. Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta. Surgery 1945; 18: 673-8.

  54. toro-Salazar OH, Stinberger J, Tthomas W, Rocchini AaP, CarpenterB, Moller JH. Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 541-7.

  55. Castaneda AaR. Pulmonary artery sling. Ann Thorac Surg 1979; 28: 210-1.

  56. takeuchi S, Imamura H, Katsumoto K. New surgical method for repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 7-11.

  57. Burke RP, Jacobs JP, Cheng W, Ttrento Aa, Fontana GgP. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight neonate and infants Pediatrics. 1999; 104 (2Pt 1):227-30.

  58. Mazzera E, Brancaccio Gg, Feltri C, Michielon Di Donato R. Minimallyinvasive surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: a novel approach. J Card Surg 2002; 17(4): 292-6.

  59. Nicholson IAa, Bichell DP, Bacha EAa, del Nido PJ. Minimal sternotomy approach for congenital heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71(2): 469-72.

  60. Meehan JJ, Sandler Aa. Pediatric robotic surgery: Aa single-institutional review of the first 100 consecutive cases. Surg Endosc 2008; 22(1): 177-82.

  61. Chen Q, Parry AaJ. Tthe current role of hybrid procedures in the stage 1 palliation of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 36: 77-83.

  62. Chetham JP. Intervention in the critically ill neonate and infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum. J Interv Cardiol 2001; 14(3): 357-66.

  63. Kurzel RB, Naunheim KS, Schwartz RAa. Repair of symptomatic diaphragmatic hernia during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71(6 Pt 1): 869-71

  64. Jonas RAa. Comprehensive surgical management of congenital heart disease. London: Aarnold; 2004.

  65. Criterios de tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes. Rev Med IMSS (Mex) 1989; 27: 339-45.

  66. G gross RE. Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729-31.

  67. Blalock Aa, Ttaussig HB. Tthe surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 1945; 128: 189-202.

  68. Muller WH, Dammann JF. treatment of certain congenital malformations of the heart by the creation of pulmonic stenosis to reduce pulmonary hypertension and excessive pulmonary blood flow: Aa preliminary report. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1952; 95: 213.

  69. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE et al. Tthe results of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by means of controlled cross circulation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1955; 101: 446-52.

  70. Marino BS, Wernovsky Gg. Preoperative and postoperative care of the infant with critical congenital heart disease. In: Aavery GgB, Fletcher MAa, MacDonald MGg, editors. Neonatology. Pathophysiology and management of the newborns. 5a. ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2005 647-98.

  71. gibbons JH. Aapplication of mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn Med 1954; 33: 171-85.

  72. Lewis FJ, Ttaufic M. Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia: Experimental accomplishments and the report of the one successful case. Surgery 1953; 33: 52-9.

  73. Warden HE, Cohen M, Read RC, Lillehei CW. Controlled cross circulation for open intracardiac surgery. J Thorac Surg 1954; 28: 331.

  74. Barratt-Boyes BGg, Neutze JM, Harris EAa. Heart disease in infancy. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone, 1973.

  75. Steele PM, Fuster V, Cohen M, Ritter DGg, McGgoon DC. Isolated atrial septal defect with pulmonar vascular obstructive disease-long term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 1987; 76: 1037-42.

  76. Warden HE, Ggustafson RAa, Ttarnay TtJ, Neal WAa. Aan alternative method for repair of parcial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38: 601-5.

  77. gao YAa, Burrows PE, Benson LJ, Ravinovitch M, Freedom RM. Scimitar syndrome in infancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 873-82.

  78. Delisle Gg, Aando M, Calder AaL. Ttotal anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Report of 93 autopsied cases with emphasis on diagnostic and surgical considerations. Am Heart J 1976; 91: 99-122.

  79. Burroughs JTt, Edwards JE. Ttotal anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Am Heart J 1960; 59: 913-8.

  80. Van Mierop LHS, Aalley RD, Kausel HW, Stranahan Aa. Tthe anatomy and embriology of endocardial cushion defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962; 43: 71-83.

  81. Haworth SGg. Pulmonary vascular bed in children with complete atrioventricular septal defects: Relation between structural and hemodynamic abnormalities. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 833-9.

  82. Boening Aa, Scheewe J, Heine K et al. Long-term results after surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defects. Eur J Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 22: 167-73.

  83. Van Praagh R, Ggeva Tt, Kreutzer J. Ventricular septal defects: How shall we describe, name and classify them. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1298-9.

  84. Soto B, Ceballos R, Kirklin JW. Ventricular septal defects. Aa surgical viewpoint. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 1291-7.

  85. Castaneda AaR, Jonas RAa, Mayer JE, Hanley FL. Cardiac surgery of the neonate and infant. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1994: 8-18.

  86. Richardson JV, Doty DB, Rossi NP, Ehrenhaft JL. Tthe spectrum of anomalies of aortopulmonary septation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 21-77.

  87. A azakie Aa, David TtE, Peniston CM, Rao V, Williams WGg. Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: early recurrence and fate of the aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 1466-70.

  88. Hermes-De Santis ER, Clyman RI. Patent ductus arteriosus: pathophysiology and management. J Perinatol 2006; 26: S14-8.

  89. alva-Espinosa C. Aante el adulto con cardiopatía congénita. Rev Mex Cardiol 2006; 17(3): 155-8.

  90. attie F. Aaspectos de interés en las cardiopatías congénitas del adulto. Arch Cardiol Mex 2004; 74 (Supl. 2): S410-7.

  91. Coggin CJ, Parker KR, Keith JD. Natural history of isolated patent ductus arteriosus and the effect of surgical correction: twenty years’ experience at the Hospital for Sick Children, Ttoronto. Can Med Assoc J 1970; 102: 718-20.

  92. Campbell M. Natural history of persistent ductus arteriosus. Br Heart J 1968; 30: 4-7.

  93. Pigula FAa, Khalil PN, Mayer JE, del Nido PJ, Jonas RAa. Repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and young infants. Circulation 1999; 100: 157-61.

  94. Zuberbuhler JR, Aanderson RH. Morphologic variations in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Br Heart J 1979; 41: 281-8.

  95. Lev M, Bharati S, Meng CC, Liberthson RR, Paul MH, Idriss F. Aa concept of double outlet right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 64: 271-81.

  96. Stewart RW, Kirklin JW, Pacifico AaD, Blackstone EH, Bargeron LM. Repair of double outlet right ventricle: an analysis of 62 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 502-14.

  97. T taussig HB, Bing RJ. Complete transposition of the aorta and a levoposition of the pulmonary artery. Clinical, physiological and pathological findings. Am Heart J 1949; 37: 551-9.

  98. McGgoon DC, Rastelli GgC, Ongley PAa. Aan operation for the correction of truncus arteriosus. JAMA 1968; 205: 69-73.

  99. Castaneda AaR, Lamberti J, Sade RM, Williams RGg, Nadas AaS. Open-heart surgery in the first three months of life. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1974; 68: 719-31.

  100. Senning Aa. Surgical correction of transposition of great vessels. Surgery 1959; 45: 966-1004.

  101. Jatene AaD, Fontes VF, Paulista PP et al. Aanatomic correction of transposition of great vessels. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72: 364-70.

  102. Castaneda AaR, Norwood WI, Jonas RAa, Colan SD, Sanders SP, Lang P. Ttransposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum: Aanatomical repair in the neonate. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 5: 438-43.

  103. Norwood WI, Dobell AaR, Freed MD, Kirklin JW, Blackstone EH. Intermediate results of the arterial switch repair. Aa 20-institution study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 96: 854-63.

  104. Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Hanley FL. Tthe double switch procedure for anatomical repair of congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries in infants and children. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1470-7.

  105. de Leval MR, McKay R, Jones M, Stark J, MacCartney FJ. Modified Blalock-Ttaussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic-pulmonary artery shunts. J Thorac Cardiovas Surg 1981; 81: 112-9.

  106. G glenn WWL. Circulatory bypass of the right heart. IV. Shunt between superior vena cava and distal right pulmonary artery-report of clinical application. N Engl J Med 1958; 259: 117-22.

  107. Fontan F, Baudet E. Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia. Thorax 1971; 26: 40-8.

  108. Damus PS. proposed operation for transposition of great vessels. Ann Thorac Surg 1975; 20: 724.

  109. Stansel HC. new operation for d-loop transposition of the great vessels. Ann Thorac Surg 1975; 19: 565-7.

  110. Kaye MP. Aanatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. Mayo Clin Proc 1975; 50: 638-40.

  111. Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia- hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med 1983; 208: 23-6.

  112. Sano S, Kawada M, Yoshida H et al. Norwood procedure to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 46: 1311-6.

  113. Ho SY, Wilcox BR, Aanderson RH, Lincoln JC. Interrupted aortic arch. Aanatomic features of surgical significance. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 31: 199-205.

  114. Crafoord C, Nykub Gg. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Surg 1945; 14: 347-61.

  115. gross RE. Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta. Surgery 1945; 18: 673-8.

  116. toro-Salazar OH, Stinberger J, Tthomas W, Rocchini AaP, CarpenterB, Moller JH. Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 541-7.

  117. Castaneda AaR. Pulmonary artery sling. Ann Thorac Surg 1979; 28: 210-1.

  118. takeuchi S, Imamura H, Katsumoto K. New surgical method for repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979; 78: 7-11.

  119. Burke RP, Jacobs JP, Cheng W, Ttrento Aa, Fontana GgP. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight neonate and infants Pediatrics. 1999; 104 (2Pt 1):227-30.

  120. Mazzera E, Brancaccio Gg, Feltri C, Michielon Di Donato R. Minimallyinvasive surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: a novel approach. J Card Surg 2002; 17(4): 292-6.

  121. Nicholson IAa, Bichell DP, Bacha EAa, del Nido PJ. Minimal sternotomy approach for congenital heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71(2): 469-72.

  122. Meehan JJ, Sandler Aa. Pediatric robotic surgery: Aa single-institutional review of the first 100 consecutive cases. Surg Endosc 2008; 22(1): 177-82.

  123. Chen Q, Parry AaJ. Tthe current role of hybrid procedures in the stage 1 palliation of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 36: 77-83.

  124. Chetham JP. Intervention in the critically ill neonate and infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum. J Interv Cardiol 2001; 14(3): 357-66.

  125. Kurzel RB, Naunheim KS, Schwartz RAa. Repair of symptomatic diaphragmatic hernia during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71(6 Pt 1): 869-71




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