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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2009, Número 4

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Arch Neurocien 2009; 14 (4)


Trazodona, un antidepresivo atípico con propiedades ansiolíticas y sedantes

Alcántara-López MG, Gutiérrez-García AG, Hernández- Lozano M, Contreras CM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 113
Paginas: 249-257
Archivo PDF: 145.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

La trazodona es un antidepresivo atípico de segunda generación. Ejerce acciones inhibidoras selectivas sobre el transporte de serotonina (5-HT), pero con menor potencia que los antidepresivos selectivos de la recaptura de 5-HT. El efecto farmacológico más potente es su acción antagonista sobre los receptores 5-HT2A y 5-HT2C; bloqueando los receptores α1 - α2 adrenérgicos y receptores histaminérgicos tipo H1. Resulta eficaz para el tratamiento de depresión, insomnio y algunos trastornos de ansiedad, en monoterapia o en combinación con otros fármacos. También es utilizada como terapia coadyuvante en algunos casos de manía, síndrome de Tourette, enfermedad de Alzheimer y esquizofrenia, aunque su eficacia en estos desórdenes es debatida. Por sus acciones bloqueadoras a los α-adrenorreceptores, se ha utilizado para tratar la disfunción eréctil, pero su uso es controversial por algunos reportes de priapismo. La trazodona tiene interacciones farmacológicas con otros antidepresivos, algunos neurolépticos, antimicóticos, antirretrovirales y antibióticos, entre otros. El propósito de esta revisión es describir la farmacología de la trazodona, usos clínicos y efectos secun-darios.


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