2009, Número 4
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Int Mex 2009; 25 (4)
Disfunción neuroendocrina en el enfermo neurocrítico
Carrillo ER, Castro PJF
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 270-277
Archivo PDF: 323.22 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: en México, el traumatismo de cráneo es un problema de salud pública y es la tercera causa de muerte. La disfunción neuroendocrina asociada con el trauma de cráneo se reporta cada vez más en la bibliografía como causa de morbilidad y mortalidad y mala respuesta a la rehabilitación.
Pacientes y método: pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas agudas que ingresaron a la unidad de terapia intensiva del hospital de la Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. Se realizó la determinación basal de hormonas hipofisiarias al ingreso, a las 36 horas y a las 48 horas.
Resultados: cinco pacientes con enfermedad neurológica aguda. Tres enfermos con traumatismo de cráneo grave, una enferma con vasculitis primaria del sistema nervioso central, un enfermo con hemorragia subaracnoidea secundaria a rotura de aneurisma asociada con urgencia hipertensiva. Todos los pacientes tuvieron algún tipo de disfunción neuroendocrina caracterizada por hipotiroidismo de origen central, grados variables de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico e hiperprolactinemia.
Conclusiones: la disfunción neuroendocrina se asocia con incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad y repercusión negativa en la respuesta a la rehabilitación. El reconocimiento temprano y oportuno, así como la forma de abordaje y monitorización de este padecimiento, es obligado para el grupo multidisciplinario que trata a este grupo de pacientes.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Boletín de epidemiología de la Dirección General de Epidemiología. En: http://WWW.dgepi.salud.gob.mx 2008.
Van Baalen B, Odding E, Maas A. Traumatic brain injury: classification of initial severity and determination of functional outcome. Disabil Rehabil 2003;25:9-18.
Cyran E. Hypophysenschadigung durch schadelbasisfraktur. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1918;44:1261.
Escamilla RF, Lisser H. Simmonds disease. J Clin Endocrinol 1942;2:65-96.
Altman R, Pruzanski W. Posttraumatic hypopituitarism. Ann Inter Med 1961;55:149-54.
Edwards OM, Clark JD. Posttraumatic hypopituitarism. Six cases and review of the literature. Medicina (Baltimore) 1986;65:281-90.
Schneider HJ, Kreitschmann-andermahr H, Ghigo E. Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A systematic review. JAMA 2007;298:1429-38.
Klein MJ. Posthead injury endocrine complications. En: Potter PJ, Talavera F, Kolaski K, Allen KL, Lorenzo CT. Emedicine. July 26 2004. http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic109.htm.
Kelly DF, Gonzalo IT, Cohan P. Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury and aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary report. J Neurosurg 2000;93:743-52.
Greenwald BD, Burnett DM, Miller MA. Congenital and acquired brain injury. 1. Brain injury: epidemiology and pathophysiology. Arch Phys Med Reha 2003;84:S3-S7.
Makulski DD, Taber KH, Chiou-Tan FY. Neuroimaging in posttraumatic hypopituitarism. J Comput Assist tomogr 2008;32:324-328
Gaetz M. The neurophysiology of brain injury. Clinical Neurophysiology 2004;115:4-18.
Bondanelli M, Ambrosio MR, Zatelli MCH. Hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:679-91.
Bondanelli M, De Marinis L, Ambrosio MR. Occurrence of pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2004;21:685-96.
Agha A, Rogers B, Sherlock M. Anterior pituitary dysfunction in survivors of traumatic brain injury. J Clin Endocrin Met 2004;89:4929-36.
Lieberman SA, Oberoi AL, Gilkinson CR. Prevalence of neuroendócrina dysfunction in patients recovering for traumatic brain injury. J Clin Endocrinol Met 2001;86:2752-56.
Aimaretti G, Ambrosi B, Disomma C. Traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage are conditions at high risk for hypopituitarism: screening study at 3 months after the brain injury. Clin Endocrinol 2004;61:320-26.
Klose M, Juul A, Poulsgaard L. Prevalence and predictive factors of posttraumatic hypopituitarism. Clin Endocrinol 2007;67:193-201.
Cohan P, Wang C, McArthur DL. Acute secondary adrenal insufficiency after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2358-66.
Agha A, Thornton E, O´Kelly P. Posterior pituitary dysfunction alter traumatic brain injury. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5987-92.
Eledrisi, Mohsen, Urban. Brain injury and neuroendocrine function. Endocrinologist 2001;11:275-281.
Cytowic RE, Smith A. Transient amenorrhea after closed head trauma (letter). N Eng J Med 1986;314:715.
Benvenga S, Campenni A, Ruggieri R. Hypopituitarism secondary to head trauma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:675-80.
Crompton MR. Hypothalamic lesions following closed head injury. Brain 1971;94:165-72.
Ceballos R. Pituitary changes in head injury. Ala J Med Sci 1966;3:185-98.
Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann AI. Hypopituitarism. Lancet 2007;369:1461-70.
Ten S, New M, Maclaren N. Addison disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2909-22.
Ghigo E, Masel B, Aimaretti G. Consensus guidelines on screening for hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2005;19:711-24.
Schneider HJ, Pagotto U, Stalla GK. Central effects of the somatotropic system. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;149:377-92.
Growth hormone research society, consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency: summary statement of the growth hormone research society workshop on adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:379-81.
Scheepens A, Sirimanne ES, Breier BH. Growth hormone as a neuronal rescue factor during recovery from CNS injury. Neuroscience 2001;104:677-87.
Liew A, Thompson CH. Is hypopituitarism predictable after traumatic brain injury? Nat Clin P Endocrinol Metab 2008;4:126-27.
Khan F, Baguley IJ, Cameron ID. Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Medical Journal of Australia 2003;178:290-95
Consensus Conference. Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. NIH consensus development panel on ehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. J Am Med A 1999;282:974-83.
Masel BE. Rehabilitation and hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury. Growth hormone and IFG research 2004;14(suppl A) S108-S113.
Agha A, Ryan J, Sherlock M. Spontaneous recovery from posttraumatic hypopituitarism. Am J Phys Rehabil 2005;84:381-85.
Schneider M, Schenider HJ, Stalla GK. Anterior pituitary hormone abnormalities following traumatic brain injury. J Neurotra 2005;22: 937-46.
Klose M, Watt T, Brennum J. Posttraumatic hypotiroidism is associated with an unfavorable body composition and lipid profile, and decreased quality of life 12 months after injury. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3861-68.
Colantonio A, Dawson DR, McLellan BA. Head injury in young adults, long term outcome. Archi Phys Med Reha 1998;79:550-58.
Kelly DF, Bavisetti S, McArthur DL. Chronic hypopituitarismafter traumatic brain injury: risk assessment and relationship to outcome. Neurosurgery 2008;62:1080-94.
Tagliaferri F. Systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe. Acta Neurochir 2006;148:255-68.