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2009, Número 2

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Rev Cent Dermatol Pascua 2009; 18 (2)


Dermatitis por contacto a proteínas

Hernández ZSI, Alonzo-Romero PL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 97
Paginas: 47-56
Archivo PDF: 152.77 Kb.


RESUMEN

La dermatitis por contacto proteínica, corresponde a un proceso alérgico recurrente, subagudo o crónico, de aparición rápida tras el contacto con un alergeno proteico. Es más frecuente en manos, con prurito, ardor o eritema. En algunos pacientes se manifiesta como reacción cruzada entre varias proteínas, afecta los sistemas digestivo y respiratorio. En la patogenia se ven implicadas la hipersensibilidad inmediata (tipo I) y retardada (tipo IV). Predomina en manejadores de alimentos. La alergia a las proteínas animales y vegetales se presenta entre 6 a 8% en niños y adolescentes. Las reacciones cruzadas con frutas y verduras se observan hasta en un 5% de la población general. Las proteínas del látex también pueden generar este tipo de dermatitis en el 1-2% de la población; esta sensibilización es más frecuente en los trabajadores de la salud. Clínicamente es indistinguible de una dermatitis de contacto clásica y puede cursar con prurito, eritema y urticaria; la confirmación diagnóstica se realiza preferentemente a través de las pruebas de puntura (prick test) y la determinación sérica de inmunoglobulina E específica (IgE). El tratamiento depende del estado evolutivo.


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