Sandoval-Castro CA, Herrera-Gomez F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 241-251
Archivo PDF: 44. Kb.

RESUMEN

La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo recopilar y presentar información actualizada sobre la técnica de los derivados de purina en rumiantes domésticos. La técnica de los derivados de purina representa una alternativa simple y no invasiva para el estudio del aporte de N microbial a nivel intestino delgado en animales rumiantes. Existe información y modelos cuantitativos de respuesta para bovinos y ovinos que permiten el uso de esta técnica, y numerosos métodos analíticos publicados para el análisis de los derivados de purina. El método de los derivados de purina tiene la ventaja de no requerir animales quirúrgicamente preparados, pero tiene la desventaja de requerir colecta total de orina. El uso de submuestras de orina colectadas a lo largo del día(s) junto con el índice ‘derivados de purina:creatinina’ puede ser una alternativa a la colección total de orina, pero se necesita más información sobre este punto. La medición de los derivados purínicos en leche no parece ser una alternativa viable a la colección total de orina. Deben de validarse algunos de los parámetros en uso para el cálculo del flujo de nitrógeno microbial al intestino como son; la recuperación de purinas microbiales absorbidas como derivados purínicos en orina y la digestibilidad de la purinas en intestino delgado en animales bajo condiciones de alimentación normal. No obstante, comparada con otras técnicas convencionales, la medición de los derivados de purina en orina representa una herramienta simple para profundizar en el estudio y entendimiento de la dinámica ruminal.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 6th rev. ed. Washington: National Academy of Science; 1989. p. 158.

2. AFRC. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC technical committee on responses to nutrients. London: CAB International; 1993. p. 160.

3. Smith RH, McAllan AB. Nucleic acid metabolism in the ruminant. 2. Formation of microbial nucleic acids in the rumen in relation to the food nitrogen, and the fate of dietary nucleic acids. Br J Nutr 1971; 25:181-9.

4. Ling JR, Buttery PJ. The fraction of microbial nitrogen entering the duodenum of sheep. Proc Nutr Soc 1976; 35:39A.

5. Zinn RA, Owens FN. Influence of feed intake level on site of digestion in steers fed a high concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 1983; 56:471-5.

6. Topps JH, Elliot RC. Relationship between concentration of ruminal nucleic acids and excretion of purine derivatives by sheep. Nature 1965; 205:498-9.

7. Antoniewicz AM, Heinemann WW, Hanks EM. The effect of changes in the intestinal flow of nucleic acids on allantoin excretion in the urine of sheep. J Agric Sci Cambridge 1980; 95:395-400.

8. McAllan AB. The degradation of nucleic acids in the rumen, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers. Br J Nutr 1980; 44:99-112.

9. McAllan AB. The fate of nucleic acids in ruminants. Proc Nutr Soc 1982; 41:309.

10. Perez JF, Rodriguez CA, Gonzalez J, Balcells J, Guada JA. Contribution of dietary purine bases to duodenal digesta in sheep. In situ studies of purine degradability corrected for microbial contamination. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996b; 62:251-62.

11. Rys R, Antoniewicz J, Maciejewicz J. Allantoin in urine as an index of microbial protein in the rumen. Tracer Studies on Non-Protein Nitrogen for Ruminants: Symposium. IAEA. Viena, Austria; 1975. p. 95-8.

12. Lindberg JE. Urinary allantoin excretion and digestible organic matter intake in dairy goats. Swed J Agric Res 1985; 15:31-7.

13. Chen XB, Orskov ER, Hovell FDDeB. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: endogenous excretion, differences between cattle and sheep. Br J Nutr 1990c; 63:121-9.

14. Giesecke D, Stangassinger M, Tiemeyer W. Nucleic acid digestión and urinary purine metabolites in sheep nourished by intragastric infusions. Can J Anim Sci 1984; 64: 144-5.

15. Lindberg JE, Bristav H, Manyenga AR. Excretion of purines in the urine of sheep in relation to duodenal flow of microbial protein. Swed J Agric Res 1989; 19:45-52.

16. Chen XB, Hovell FDDeB, Orskov ER, Brown DS. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. Br J Nutr 1990a; 63:131-42.

17. Chen XB, Mathieson J, Hovell FDDeB, Reeds PJ. Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods. J Sci Food Agric 1990b; 53:23-33.

18. Condon RJ, Hall G, Hatfield EE. Metabolism of abomasally infused 14C labelled ribonucleic acid, adenine, uracil and glycine. J Anim Sci 1970; 31:1037-38A.

19. Smith RC, Moussa NM, Hawkins GE. Utilization of the nucleic acids of Escherichia coli and rumen bacteria by sheep. Br J Nutr 1974; 32:529-37.

20. Razzaque MA, Topps JH, Kay RNB, Brockway JM. Metabolism of the nucleic acids of rumen bacteria by preruminant and ruminant lambs. Br J Nutr 1981; 45:517-27.

21. Balcells J, Guada JA, Castrillo C, Gasa J. Urinary excretions of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusión into the duodenum. J Agric Sci Cambridge 1991; 116:309-17.

22. Verbic J, Chen XB, MacLeod NA, Orskov ER. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusión on purine derivative excretion by steers. J Agric Sci Cambridge 1990; 114:243-48.

23. Al-Khalidi UAS, Chagliassan TH. The species distribution of xanthine oxidase. Biochem J 1965; 97:318-20.

24. Condon RJ, Hatfield EE. Metabolism of abomasally infused ribonucleic acid by sheep. J Anim Sci 1970; 31: 1037A.

25. Fujihara T, Orskov ER, Reeds PJ, Kyle DJ. The effect of protein infusión on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition. J Agric Sci Cambridge 1987; 109:7-12.

26. Chen XB, Kyle DJ, Orskov ER, Hovell FDDeB. Renal clearance of plasma allantoin in sheep. Exp Physiol 1991; 76:59-65.

27. Beckers Y, Thewis A. Excretion of purine derivatives in urine of Belgian Blue bulls following duodenal infusión of purines from Torula yeast. Proc Soc Nutr Physiol 1994; 3:325.

28. Surra J, Guada JA, Balcells J, Castrillo C. Salivary losses of purine derivatives. Anim Prod 1993; 56:463-4.

29. Perez JF, Balcells J, Guada JA, Castrillo C. Determination of rumen microbial nitrogen production in sheep: a comparison of urinary purine excretion with methods using 15N and purine bases as markers of microbial nitrogen entering the duodenum. Br J Nutr 1996a; 75:699-709.

30. Osuji PO, Khalili H, Umunna NN. The effects of cottonseed cake with or without molasses on feed utilization, purine excretion and milk production of Boran (Bos indicus) cows fed a mixture of wheat and oat straw. Trop Agric Trinidad 1995; 72:63-69.

31. Herrera-Gomez F, Hovell FDDeb, Sandoval-Castro CA Urinary purine derivatives excretion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science; 1998. p. 23

32. McAllan AB, Smith RH. Degradation of nucleic acids in the rumen. Br J Nutr 1973 29:331-345.

33. Dewhurst RJ, Waters CJ, Webster AJF. Assessment of the energetic efficiency of rumen microbial protein yield using allantoin excretion. Proceedings International Symposium On Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. 7-12th September, 1987. Rostock, Germany; 1988. p. 50

34. Storm E, Orskov ER. The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 1. Large scale isolation and chemical composition of rumen microorganisms. Br J Nutr 1983; 50:463-70.

35. Arambel MJ, Bartley EE, Dufva GS, Dennis SM, Riddell DO, Dayton AD, Galitzer SJ. Evaluation of several methods for estimating the proportion of microbial nitrogen reaching the duodenum in cattle. Nutr Rep Int 1987; 35:211- 8.

36. Sibanda S, Topps JH. The excretion of allantoin by ruminants in relation to protein entering the abomasum. Proc Nutr Soc 1982; 41:75A.

37. Chen XB, Chen YK, Franklin MF, Orskov ER, Shand WJ. The effect of feed intake and body weight on purine derivative excretion and microbial protein supply in sheep. J Anim Sci 1992a; 70:1534-42.

38. Puchala R, Kulasek GW. Estimation of microbial protein flow from the rumen of sheep using microbial nucleic acid and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Can J Anim Sci 1992; 72:821-30.

39. Samaniego MA, Chen XB, Hovell FDDeB, MacRae JC, Mayes RW. Comparison of methods for the measurement of microbial protein supply in sheep. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science; 1997. p. 125.

40. Chen XB, Matuszewski W, Kowalczyk J. Determination of allantoin in biological, cosmetic and pharmaceutical samples. J AOAC Int. 1996; 79:628-35.

41. Pachla LA, Reynolds DL, Scott D, Kissinger PT. Analytical methods for measuring uric acid in biological samples and food products. J AOAC 1987; 70:1-24.

42. Young EG, Conway CF. On the estimation of allantoin by the Rimini-Schryver reaction. J Biol Chem 1942; 142:839-53.

43. Borchers R. Allantoin determination. Anal Biochem 1977; 79:612-3.

44. Grootveld M, Halliwell B. Measurement of allantoin and uric acid in human body fluids. Biochem J 1987; 243:803-808.

45. Pentz EI. Adaptation of the Rimini-Schryver reaction for the measurement of allantoin in urine to the autoanalyzer. Anal Biochem 1969; 27:333-42.

46. Lindberg JE, Jansson C. A rapid automated analysis of allantoin in ruminant urine. Swed J Agric Res 1989; 19:163-7.

47. Tiemeyer W, Giesecke D. Quantitative determination of allantoin in biological fluids by reversed-phase highpressure liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1982; 123:11-15.

48. Balcells J, Guada JA, Peiro JM. Simultaneos determination of allantoin and oxypurines in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatography 1992; 575:153-7.

49. Diez MT, Arin MJ, Resines JA. Simultaneos determination of allantoin and creatinine in urine by a rapid reversed-phase liquid chromatography method. J Liquid Chromatography 1992; 15:1337-50.

50. Chen XB, Kyle DJ, Orskov ER. Measurement of allantoin in urine and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatisation. J Chromatography 1993; 575:153-7.

51. Razzaque MA, Topps JH. Determination of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid in ruminants’ urine. J Sci Food Agric 1978; 29:935-9.

52. Fossati P, Prencipe L, Berti G. Use of 3,5-dichloro-2- hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenoazone chromogenic system in direc enzymatic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. Clin Chem 1980; 26:227-31.

53. Lux O, Naidoo D,Salonikas C.Improved HPLC method for the simultaneous measurement of allantoin and uric acid in plasma. Ann Clin Biochem 1992; 29:674-5.

54. Fujihara T, Orskov ER, MacLeod NA. Effect of protein infusión on excretion of purine derivatives in steers nourished by intragastric nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 1985; 44:138A.

55. Chen XB, Mejia AT, Kyle DJ, Orskov ER. Evaluation of the use of the purine derivative:creatinine ratio in spot urine and plasma samples as an index of microbial protein supply in ruminants: studies in sheep. J Agric Sci Cambridge 1995; 125:137-43.

56. Chen XB, Grubic G, Orskov ER, Osuji P.Effect of feeding frequency in diurnal variation in plasma and urinary purine derivatives in steers. Anim Prod 1992c; 55:185-91.

57. Walker DM, Faichney GJ. Nitrogen balance studies with the milk fed lamb. 2. The partition of urinary nitrogen and sulphur. Br J Nutr 1964; 18:201-7.

58. Hovell FDDeB, Orskov ER, MacLeod NA, McDonald I. The effect of changes in the amount of energy infused as volatile acids on the nitrogen retention and creatinine excretion of lambs wholly nourished by intragastric infusión. Br J Nutr 1983; 50:331-43.

59. Chen XB, Chowdhury SA, Hovell FDDeB, Orskov ER, Kyle DJ. Endogenous allantoin excretion in response to changes in protein supply in sheep. J Nutr 1992b; 122:2226-32.

60. Tiemeyer W, Stohrer M, Giesecke D. Metabolites of nucleic acids in bovine milk. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67:723-8.

61. Rosskopf R, Rainer H, Giesecke D. Purine and pyrimidine metabolites for the evaluation of rumen metabolism: HPLC analysis in milk and blood plasma. Arch Anim Nutr 1991; 41:411-26.

62. Rosskopf R, Giesecke D. Investigations in cows on the influence of energy intake on rumen metabolism by means of allantoin excretion in the milk. J Vet Med 1992; 39:515-24.

63. Giesecke D, Ehrentreich L, Stangassinger M, Ahrens F. Mammary and renal excretion of purine metabolites in relation to energy intake and milk yield in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:2376-81.

64. Martin-Orue SM, Dapoza C, Balcells J, Castrillo C. Purine derivatives excretion in lactating ewes fed straw diets with different levels of fish meal. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996; 63:341-6.

65. Gonda HL, Linberg JE. Effect of diet on milk allantoin and its relationship with urinary allantoin in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:364-73.

66. Ortin A, Lopez MJ, Muiño MT, Cebrian JA. Extraction of xanthine oxidase from milk by counter-current distribution in an aqueous two-phase system. J Chromatrography 1991; 558:357-67.