medigraphic.com
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2001, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Biomed 2001; 12 (4)


Micoplasmas y su importancia médica.

Rivera-Tapia JA, Cedillo-Ramírez ML, Vega-Benítez M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 262-271
Archivo PDF: 61.28 Kb.


RESUMEN

En 1898 se describieron por primera vez a los microorganismos autorreplicables más pequeños, denominados hoy en día micoplasmas. Estos microorganismos exhiben características morfológicas, metabólicas y moleculares muy particulares; su importancia ha generado interés en el estudio de enfermedades humanas, ya que durante la práctica clínica diaria se relacionan con enfermedades tanto agudas como crónicas, que en ciertas ocasiones llegan a términos fatales. Su distribución en hospederos es diversa y se encuentran en peces, reptiles, aves, mamíferos y en el humano. En este último se han aislado de diversos sitios anatómicos, tanto en individuos con diferentes padecimientos como en individuos sanos. Su presencia se ha observado en tracto respiratorio y genitourinario, en complicaciones neurológicas y en sangre. Donde ha llamado más la atención es su probable papel como cofactor en la progresión del síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida.Hace ya más de veinte años se estudia el papel de Mycoplasma fermentan s en diversas enfermedades,así como los mecanismos gracias a los cualesinteraccionan con las células hospederas, como son la supervivencia en células fagocíticas, su replicación intracelular, la capacidad inmunomoduladora y especialmente su variación antigénica.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Nocard E. Le Microbe de la Peripneumoniae. Ann Inst Pasteur 1880; 12:240-62.

  2. Bové JM. Molecular features of Mollicutes. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17 Supl 1:10-31.

  3. Velleca W, Bird B, Forrester F. Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasmas infections. U.S. Department of health and human services public health service. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. U.S.A. 1980; p. 1-5.

  4. Chanock RM. Growth on artificial medium of agent associated with Atypical Pneumonia and its identification as a PPLO. Proc Nat Acad Sci 1962; 48:41-9.

  5. Razin S. Mycoplasma taxonomy and ecology. En J. Maniloff, RN McElhaney, LR Finch and JB Baseman, editores. Mycoplasmas: molecular biology and pathogenesis. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 1992. p. 3-22.

  6. Tully JG. Mollicutes: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. Clin Infec Dis 1993; 17 Supl 1:2-9.

  7. Foy H, Kenny G, Bor E, Hammar S, Hickman R. Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (T strain) in urine of adolescents. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 2:226-30.

  8. Gump DW, Horton EL, Phillips CA, Mead PB, Forsyth BR. Contraception and cervical colonization with mycoplasmas and infection with cytomegalovirus. Fertil Steril 1975;26:1135-9.

  9. Johnson S, Sidebottom D, Bruckner F, Collins D. Identification of Mycoplasma fermentans in synovial fluid samples from arthritic patients with inflammatory disease. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:90-3.

  10. Jansson E, Hannuksela M, Eklund H, Halme H, Tuuri S. Isolation of a mycoplasma from sarcoid tissue. J clin Pathol 1972; 25:837-42.

  11. Thomas M, Jones M, Ray S, Andrews B. Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a tubo-ovarian abscess [carta]. Lancet 1975; 2:774-5.

  12. Naftalin JM, Wellisch G, Kahana Z, Diengott D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae septicemia [carta]. JAMA 1974; 228:565.

  13. Koletsky RJ, Weinstein AJ. Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Report of a fatal case, and a review of the literature. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 122:491-6.

  14. Tully JG, Taylor-Robinson D, Cole RM, Rose DL. A newly discovered mycoplasma in the urogenital tract. Lancet 1981; 1:1288-91.

  15. Cassel GH, Davis RO, Waites KB, Brown MB, Marriot PA, Stagno S, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effects on outcome of pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 1983; 10 Supl 4:294-302.

  16. Neman-Simha V, Renaudin H, de Barbeyrac B, Leng JJ, Horovitz J, Dallay D, et al. Isolation of genital mycoplasmas from blood of febrile obstetrical-gynecologic patients and neonates. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24:317-21.

  17. Montagnier L, Blanchard A. Mycoplasmas as cofactor in infection due HIV. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17 Supl 1:309-15.

  18. Dawson MS, Hayes M, Wang RY, Armstrong D, Kundsin, Lo SC, et al. Detection and isolation of Mycoplasma fermentans from urine of human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993; 117:511-4.

  19. Watanabe T, Matsuura M, Seto K. Enumeration, isolation and species identification of mycoplasmas in saliva sampled from the normal and pathological human oral cavity and antibody response to an oral mycoplasma (Mycoplasma salivarium). J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23:1034-8.

  20. Nagayama Y, Sakurai N, Tamai K, Niwa A, Yamamoto K. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from pleural fluid and/or cerebrospinal fluid: report of four cases. Scand J Infect Dis 1987; 19:521-4.

  21. Loo VG, Richardson S, Quinn P. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from pleural fluid. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 14:443-5.

  22. Lehtomaki K, Kleemola M, Tukianen P, Kantanen ML, Laitinen LA. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Infect Dis 1987; 155:1339-41.

  23. Pérez CR, Leigh MW. Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the causative agent for pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. Chest 1991; 100:860-1.

  24. Taylor-Robinson D, Gumpel JM, Hill A, Swannell AJ. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the synovial fluid of a hypogammaglobulinaemic patient in a survey of patient with inflammatory polyarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1978; 37:180-2.

  25. Johnston CLW, Webster ADB, Taylor-Robinson D, Rapaport G, Hughes GRV. Primary late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with inflammatory polyarthritis and septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Ann Rheum Dis 1983; 42:108-10.

  26. Lyell A, Gordon AM, Dick HM, Sommerville RG. Mycoplasmas and erythema multiforme. Lancet 1967; 2:1116-8.

  27. Levy M, Shear NH. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: report of eight cases and review if the literature. Clin Pediatr 1991; 30:42-9.

  28. Abramovitz P, Schvartzman P, Harel D, Lis I, Naot Y. Direct invasion of the central nervous system by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a report of two cases. J Infect Dis 1987; 155:482-7.

  29. Tully JG, Taylor-Robinson D, Cole RM, Rose DL. A newly discovered mycoplasma in the human urogenital tract. Lancet 1981; 1:1288-91.

  30. Baseman JB, Dallo SF, Tully JG, Rose DL. Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma pneumoniae strain from the human respiratory tract. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:2266-9.

  31. Davis CP, Cochran S, Lisse J, Buck G, DiNuzzo AR, Weber T, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from synovial fluid samples in a patient with pneumonia and polyarthritis. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:969-70.

  32. Tully JG, Baseman JB. Mycoplasma [carta]. Lancet 1991; 337:1296.

  33. de Barbeyrac B, Bernet-Poggi C, Febrer F, Renaudin H, Dupon M, Bebear C. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium by polimerasa chain reaction I clinical samples. Clin Infect Dis 1993: 17 supl 1:83-9.

  34. Taylor-Robinson D, Gilroy CB, Hay PE. The occurrence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different populations and its clinical significance. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17 supl 1:66-8.

  35. Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA. The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79:351-7.

  36. McCormack WM, Almeida PC, Bailey PE, Grady EM, Lee Y-H. Sexual activity and vaginal colonization with genital mycoplasma. JAMA 1972; 221:1375-7.

  37. McCormack WM, Lee Y-H, Zinner SH. Sexual experience and urethral colonization with genital mycoplasma: a study in normal men. Ann Intern Med 1973; 78:696-8.

  38. Madooff S, Hooper DC. Nongenitourinary infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis in adults. Rev. Infect Dis 1988; 10:602-13.

  39. Lo S-C, Hayes MM, Wang RY-H, Pierce PF, Kotani H, Shih JW-K. Newly discovered mycoplasma isolated from patients infected with HIV. Lancet 1991; 338:1415-8.

  40. Lo S-C, Hayes MM, Kotani H, Pierce PF, Wear DJ, Newton PB 3d, et al. Adhesion onto and invasion into mammalian cells by Mycoplasma penetrans a newly isolated mycoplasma from patients with AIDS. Mod Pathol 1993; 6:276-80.

  41. Ruiter M, Wentholt HMM. A pleuropneumonia-like organism in primary fusopirochetal gangrene of the penis. J Invest Dermatol 1950; 15:301-4.

  42. Ruiter M, Wentholt HMM. Isolation of a pleuropneumonia-like organism (G-strain) in a case of fusopirillary vulvovaginitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1953; 33:123-9.

  43. Beecham HJ III, Lo SC, Lewis DE, Comer SW, Riley KJ, Oldfield EC III. Recovery from fulminant infection with Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) in nonimmunocompromised host. Lancet 1991; 338:1014-5.

  44. Ainworth JG, Hourshid S, Easterbrook PJ, Gilory CB, Weber JN, Taylor-Robinson D. Mycoplasma species in rapid and slow HIV progressors. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11:76-9.

  45. Nasralla M, Haier J, Nicolson GL. Multiple mycoplasmal infections detected in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18:859-65.

  46. Bauer FA, Wear DJ, Angritt P, Lo SC. Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) infection in the kidney of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated nephropathy: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Hum Pathol 1991; 22:63-9.

  47. Li JL, Matsuda K, Takagi M, Yamamoto N. Detection of serum antibodies against phosphocholine-containing aminoglycerolipid specific to Mycoplasma fermentans in HIV-1 infected individuals. J Immunol Methods 1997; 208:103-13.

  48. Matsuda K, Li JL, Ichinose S, Harasawa R, Saito M, Yamamoto N. Monoclonal antibody against Mycoplasma fermentans-specific aminoglycerolipid. Microbiol Immunol 2000; 44:695-702.

  49. Garcia J, Lemercier B, Roman-Roman S, Rawadi G. A Mycoplasma fermentans-derived synthetic lipopeptide induces AP-1 and NK-kappa B activity and cytokine secretion in macrophages via the activation of mitogenactivated protein kinase pathways. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:3491-8.

  50. Rosengarten R, Citti C, Glew M, Lischewski A, Droesse M, Much P, et al. Host-pathogen interactions in mycoplasma pathogenesis: virulence and survival strategies of minimalist prokaryotes. Int J Med Microbiol 2000; 290:15-25.

  51. Rawadi G. Mycoplasma fermentans interaction with monocytes/macrophages: molecular basis. Microbes Infec 2000; 2:955-64.

  52. Hall RE, Agarwal S, Kestler DP. Induction of leukemia cell defferentiaition and apoptosis by recombinant P48, a modulin derived from Mycoplasma fermentans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:284-9.

  53. Ainsworth JG, Hourshid S, Webster AD, Gilroy CB, Taylor-Robinson D. Detection of Mycoplasma fermentans in healthy students and patients with congenital immunodeficiency. J Infect 2000; 40:138-40.

  54. Zhang S, Wear DJ, Lo SC. Mycoplasmal infectious alter gene expression in cultured human prostatic and cervical epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27:43-50.

  55. Razin S, Yogev D, Naot Y. Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998; 62:1096-1156.

  56. Razin S. Adherence of pathogenic mycoplasma to host cells. Biosci Rep 1999; 19:367-72.

  57. Baseman JB, Morrison-Plummer J, Drouillard D, Puleo-Scheppke B, Tyron VV, Holt C. Identification of a 32-kilodalton protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with hemadsorption. Isr J Med Sci 1987; 23:474-9.

  58. Dallo SF, Chavolla A, Basema JB. Characterization of the gene for a 30-kilodalton adhesin-releated protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1990; 58:4163-5.

  59. Feldner J, Gobel V, Bredt W. Mycoplasma pneumoniae adhesin localized to tip structure by monoclonal antibody. Nature 1982; 298:765-7.

  60. Morrison-Plummer J, Leith DK, Baseman JB. Biological effects of anti-lipid and anti-protein monoclonal antibodies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1986; 53:398-403.

  61. Dallo SF, Lazzell AL, Chavolla A, Reddy SP, Baseman JB. Biofunctional domains of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae P30 adhesin. Infect Immun 1996; 64:2595-2601.

  62. Theiss PM, Karpas A, Wise KS. Antigenic topology of the P29 surface lipoprotein of Mycoplasma fermentans: differential display of epitopes results in high-frequency phase variation. Infect Immun 1996; 64:1800-9.

  63. Theiss PM, Kim MF, Wise KS. Differential protein expression and surface presentation generates highfrequency antigenic variation in Mycoplasma fermentans. Infect Immun 1993; 61:5123-8.

  64. Dybvig K. DNA rearrangements and phenotypic switching in prokaryotes. Mol Microbiol 1993; 10:465-71.

  65. Wise KS. Adaptive surface variation in mycoplasmas. Trends Microbiol 1993; 1:59-63.

  66. Citti C, Wise KS. Mycoplasma hyorhinis vlp gene transcription: critical role in phase variation and expression of surface lipoproteins. Mol Microbiol 1995; 18:649-60.

  67. Bhugra B, Voelker LR, Zou N, Yu H, Dybvig K. Mechanism of antigenic variation in Mycoplasma pulmonis: interwoven, site-specific DNA inversions. Mol Microbiol 1995; 18:703-14.

  68. Markham PF, Glew D, Whithear KG, Walker ID. Molecular cloning of a member the gene family that encodes pMGA, a hemagglutinin of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Infect Immun 1993; 61:903-9.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com