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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2004, Número 2

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Rev Biomed 2004; 15 (2)


Los receptores de los linfocitos de la inmunidad innata

Cocom-Góngora PC, Mut-Martín MC, García-Miss MR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 113-122
Archivo PDF: 47.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los linfocitos asesinos naturales (NK) son células de la respuesta inmune innata y la identificación de sus receptores ha contribuido al entendimiento de su reactividad y especificidad. Estos linfocitos se activan cuando reconocen células ajenas o células propias alteradas, lo cual realizan a través de sus receptores específicos, llamados receptores activadores, como son el CD16, CD2, CD28 y CD161. De este modo, las células alteradas en la expresión de moléculas del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad clase I (MHC I), llegan a ser susceptibles al ataque mediado por células NK al ligarse sus receptores activadores. La actividad citotóxica de estas células está regulada por sus receptores inhibitorios, los cuales reconocen moléculas del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad clase I y, con esto, previenen la actividad lítica contra las células normales. Los receptores inhibitorios más conocidos son los KIR, el Ly49, el CD94/NKG2 y el KLRE1. La mayoría de estos receptores activadores e inhibitorios pertenecen a la superfamilia de la Ig y de la lectina tipo C. En este artículo se revisan las características de varios receptores de los linfocitos NK y se discute su heterogeneidad estructural y su papel en el control de la respuesta inmune.


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