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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2008, Número 1

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Rev Biomed 2008; 19 (1)


Avances en el desarrollo de vacunas contra la malaria

Rodríguez-López MH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 145
Paginas: 61-79
Archivo PDF: 289.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las vacunas contra los principales párasitos productores de la malaria, Plasmodium falciparum y P. vivax, tendrían aplicación directa en programas de salud pública diseñados para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad en las regiones endémicas. El desarrollo de estas vacunas enfrenta dificultades impuestas por la complejidad del ciclo vital, el extenso polimorfismo antigénico y la capacidad de evasión de la respuesta inmune de los parásitos. Por otra parte, el desconocimiento pleno de los mecanismos principales y las moléculas parasitarias, que de manera natural inducen resistencia a la infección malárica, han obstaculizado la selección de antígenos candidato. No obstante estas dificultades, varios candidatos vacunales han pasado pruebas preclínicas y ensayos fase I y II. Estos incluyen una vacuna conteniendo antígenos (RTS,S) presente en las formas infectantes inyectadas por los mosquitos, diseñada para bloquear la infección; una vacuna conteniendo MSP1 presente en las formas que invaden a los eritrocitos, diseñada para abatir la gravedad de la enfermedad, mas no la infección y otra vacuna basada en proteínas (Pvs 25) presentes en las formas que invaden a los mosquitos, diseñada para bloquear la transmisión del parásito. Los avances en el desarrollo de vacunas antimaláricas en la última década permiten predecir, que en un futuro no muy lejano se podrá contar con una vacuna eficaz contra esta enfermedad.


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