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2009, Número 2

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Gac Med Mex 2009; 145 (2)


Incremento del glutamato en el estriado de asociación en esquizofrenia. Resultados preliminares de un estudio longitudinal con espectroscopia con resonancia magnética

Fuente-Sandoval C, Favila R, Alvarado P, León-Ortiz P, Díaz-Galvis L, Amezcua C, García-Muñoz E, Graff-Guerrero A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 109-113
Archivo PDF: 92.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de glutamato en el núcleo caudado dorsal, región rica en dopamina, y el cerebelo, región pobre en dopamina, en pacientes con esquizofrenia, durante un episodio psicótico agudo, después de recibir tratamiento antidopaminérgico (risperidona) y en controles sanos.
Métodos: Se incluyeron 14 pacientes con esquizofrenia aguda sin tratamiento y 14 controles sanos. A los pacientes se les realizaron dos estudios de espectroscopia por resonancia magnética de protones (ERM1H). El primero antes de tratamiento y el segundo a las seis semanas de tratamiento efectivo. Los controles fueron evaluados en una ocasión. Los niveles de glutamato fueron normalizados con la concentración de creatina.
Resultados: Los niveles de glutamato/creatina fueron mayores en el caudado dorsal de los pacientes previo a tratamiento (t=-2.16, p=0.03) y después del tratamiento en comparación con los controles (t=2.12, p=0.04). Los niveles de glutamato en el cerebelo no cambiaron con el tratamiento y fueron iguales a los controles.
Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que el incremento del glutamato en el caudado dorsal se encuentra en relación con la enfermedad y no cambia después de seis semanas de tratamiento antipsicótico efectivo. Más aún, la ausencia de diferencias en el cerebelo sugiere que el incremento del glutamato presente en la esquizofrenia se podría relacionar a regiones con abundante inervación dopaminérgica.


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