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ISSN 0187-5337 (Impreso)
Instituto Nacional de Perinatología

2004, Número 2

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Perinatol Reprod Hum 2004; 18 (2)


Alteraciones del desarrollo neurológico en niños nacidos de madres con VIH

Figueroa-Medrano LP, Ávila-Figueroa C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 149-155
Archivo PDF: 87.87 Kb.


RESUMEN

El desarrollo neurológico es una parte fundamental en el sano crecimiento de un niño; sin embargo, existen factores que pueden detener su desarrollo y causar deterioro, entre ellos factores infecciosos y socioculturales. Los niños que nacen de una madre infectada con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en algunos casos adquieren la infección y, en otros, logran escapar de ella. Independientemente de su condición de infectados. Existe un subgrupo de niños que adicionalmente tiene exposición farmacológica in útero a los potentes antirretrovirales usados por las madres infectadas durante la gestación. Se sabe que los niños infectados por el VIH tienen una amplia variedad de trastornos cognoscitivos y motores y, en la medida en que progresa la inmunodeficiencia, el riesgo de tener infecciones oportunistas a nivel cerebral aumenta. Está demostrado que aun los niños no infectados, pero nacidos de madres infectadas, no están exentos de presentar alteraciones cognoscitivas y motoras. Los diferentes problemas neurológicos que enfrentan los niños nacidos de madres infectadas por el VIH, no sólo se explican por la existencia de infecciones en el niño o la madre, sino por la presencia de factores adversos de tipo sociocultural, los cuales pueden afectar el desarrollo cerebral en grados diversos. Ante esta situación es importante que el médico reconozca en forma temprana las alteraciones neurológicas que se presentan, con el propósito de proporcionar un manejo oportuno e incluso para poder prevenir su evolución.


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