2005, Número 1
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Rev Mex Patol Clin Med Lab 2005; 52 (1)
Diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C
Vences-Avilés MA, González-Bravo F
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 6-12
Archivo PDF: 57.47 Kb.
RESUMEN
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de infección por el virus de hepatitis C en donadores de sangre, empleando una prueba de escrutinio mediante inmunoanálisis enzimático (ELISA) y como estudios confirmatorios inmunoblot recombinante (RIBA) y la cuantificación del ARN viral mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR).
Material y métodos. Fueron estudiados los donadores de sangre positivos a anti-VHC ELISA que acudieron de 1995 a 2003 al Banco de Sangre del Centro Médico del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de León Guanajuato. Se utilizó RIBA y RT-PCR para confirmar la infección. Se analizaron los factores de riesgo involucrados en los casos de infección confirmada.
Resultados. De 49,272 donadores de sangre, 344 resultaron positivos (0.70%); 122 ingresaron en el estudio. De éstos, 45 (40%) fueron positivos y 67 (60%) negativos mediante RIBA; 41 de 44 RIBA positivos también fueron PCR positivos con carga viral promedio de 5.11 log copias/mL. Los factores asociados a infección fueron: alcoholismo (OR 7.10, IC95% 1.51-33.4), relaciones sexuales promiscuas (OR 4.01, IC95% 0.77-20.8), transfusión (OR 62.9, IC95% 4.19-882) y hospitalizaciones (OR 1.72 IC95% 1.72-28.3).
Conclusiones. La prevalencia de infección por virus de hepatitis C mediante ELISA concuerda con lo registrado a nivel nacional; sin embargo, 60% de los resultados positivos con ELISA son falsos; además, existe una elevada concordancia entre un resultado RIBA positivo y detección de ARN viral mediante PCR. Por otro lado, existen factores de riesgo “no parenteral” que participan en la epidemiología de la infección en nuestra población y cuyo mecanismo final es necesario dilucidar.
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