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Patología Revista Latinoamericana

2008, Número 3

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Patol Rev Latinoam 2008; 46 (3)


Biopsia de médula ósea: utilidad y limitaciones

Pineda DKM, Rosas GG, Rosas GMI, Rosas UA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas: 237-247
Archivo PDF: 630.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

Este artículo revisa la utilidad y las limitaciones de la biopsia de médula ósea en el estudio de pacientes con diferentes procesos benignos y malignos, primarios y secundarios. Es el procedimiento más adecuado y confiable para estudiar la médula ósea de pacientes con tumores malignos (principalmente metastásicos), citopenias notorias y leucoeritroblastosis en sangre periférica, aspiraciones de médula ósea negativas o insuficientes y en aquellos con enfermedades granulomatosas y fiebre de origen desconocido. Su utilidad diagnóstica es limitada en individuos con anemias hemolíticas, enfermedades metabólicas, almacenamiento de lípidos, hiperplasias mieloides y eritroides en sangre periférica. En la mayor parte de los casos, su obtención adecuada y procesada correctamente, teñida con H-E y Giemsa e histoquímica clásica (reticulina, hierro, hongos y bacilos resistentes al ácido y alcohol), en conjunto con la información clínica pertinente, permiten al patólogo quirúrgico o hemotopatólogo establecer el diagnóstico definitivo; sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones requerirá técnicas especializadas (citogenética, citometría de flujo, inmunocitohistoquímica y biología molecular) para establecerlo con precisión.


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