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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2008, Número 6

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2008; 65 (6)


Indicadores antropométricos para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad en pediatría

Kaufer-Horwitz M, Toussaint G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 502-518
Archivo PDF: 264.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

El sobrepeso y la obesidad en la edad pediátrica son, hoy en día, problemas de salud pública en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Su presencia en edades tempranas es factor de riesgo de obesidad y de riesgo coronario en la edad adulta; de ahí la importancia de prevenirla, detectarla y tratarla oportunamente. Para hacer el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad es necesario contar con indicadores antropométricos que se asocien con la adiposidad. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) ha resultado útil para la evaluación en el adulto, y en tiempos recientes se ha recomendado para la evaluación de niños y adolescentes. Diferentes grupos de expertos y organismos internacionales se han dado a la tarea de proponer estándares de referencia del IMC para uso internacional; entre ellos el Centro de Control de Enfermedades (CDC) de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y el Grupo de Trabajo sobre Obesidad (IOTF) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En el presente artículo de revisión se presentan y se discuten estos estándares de referencia. Parece haber consenso en que los diferentes criterios internacionales, actualmente disponibles, son útiles y pueden usarse de manera indistinta en la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la infancia y en la adolescencia; sin embargo, los datos deben interpretarse con cautela y considerar las posibles ventajas y limitaciones de cada uno de los criterios.


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