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Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2008, Número 6

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Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2008; 65 (6)


Genética de la obesidad

Tejero ME

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 441-450
Archivo PDF: 139.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

La obesidad es la acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo, consecuencia del desequilibrio energético. Los cambios en la disponibilidad y características de los alimentos y en la actividad física en las últimas décadas han dado lugar a que la ingestión de energía exceda al gasto. Esta tendencia se observa en todos los grupos de edad y en numerosos países. La respuesta a estos cambios ambientales que afectan a la dieta y actividad física es variada, y ciertos individuos y poblaciones parecen tener mayor predisposición al desarrollo de la obesidad y de sus comorbilidades. En la obesidad, en etapas tempranas de la vida, es importante diferenciar la obesidad ocasionada por anormalidades genéticas de aquellas formas comunes. Numerosas alteraciones genéticas se caracterizan por la obesidad. En algunos casos mutaciones en un solo gen, pueden tener un efecto importante sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Este manuscrito presenta los aspectos genéticos de formas poco frecuentes y comunes de obesidad, con especial interés en la población infantil. También presenta diferentes abordajes metodológicos empleados en investigaciones sobre la genética de la obesidad y la variación en el IMC, incluyendo estudios de asociación de genes candidatos, barrido del genoma, asociación del genoma y estudios de perfil transcripcional. Actualmente, la obesidad se considera una enfermedad compleja con bagaje poligénico. Algunos alelos han sido asociados a la obesidad común y el IMC; sin embargo, los efectos observados son modestos y se requieren replicaciones en diferentes poblaciones para confirmar el efecto de estas variantes y establecer los mecanismos que explican su contribución a la obesidad.


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