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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2007, Número 5

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Med Int Mex 2007; 23 (5)


Breve descripción de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la regeneración hepática

Gutiérrez SJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 436-440
Archivo PDF: 115.98 Kb.


RESUMEN

El hígado es un órgano que tiene la capacidad de regular su crecimiento y masa. La capacidad proliferativa del hepatocito se relaciona con una especie celular precursora o célula tallo. La activación de genes tempranos depende del factor de necrosis tumoral, factor de crecimiento epidérmico, factor de crecimiento tumoral α y la interleucina-6. Los factores de transcripción más importantes, activados después de iniciar la regeneración hepática, son el NFκB (factor nuclear de la cadena κ en linfocitos B) y el STAT3. La fase G1 del ciclo celular determina tres posibles vías para el hepatocito: 1) avanzar a la fase S para duplicar su ADN; 2) abortar el proceso proliferativo y regresar al estado G0; o 3) iniciar el proceso de apoptosis. Se piensa que los factores de crecimiento activan a los factores de trascripción y a los genes tempranos para que la célula pase del estado quiescente a la fase G1. Una vez que la célula pasa los “puntos críticos”, realiza el ciclo celular en “efecto dominó”, donde un sistema activa a otro hasta completar todas las fases del ciclo celular. El estudio de los factores y mecanismos de regeneración hepática, particularmente de los hepatocitos, permite conocer los fenómenos complejos del ciclo celular. La sorprendente función de los hepatocitos no solo proporciona un modelo de estudio para conocer los fenómenos de proliferación celular, sino de terapéutica para los padecimientos cancerosos.


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