Martínez CHA, García MA, González RBJR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 229-233
Archivo PDF: 136.55 Kb.

RESUMEN

Los problemas nutricionales complican la evolución de los pacientes geriátricos y aumentan su morbilidad y mortalidad. Tres factores principales modifican los requerimientos nutricionales por cambios debidos a la edad: alteraciones en la cantidad de la actividad física, en el peso y en la composición corporal. Como las señales iniciales de discapacidad en su desempeño funcional se consideran propias del envejecimiento, se obvia su impacto sobre el estado nutricional. La población geriátrica disminuye su actividad física y participación social (por depresión, insolvencia económica y abandono), y es la más heterogénea por su gran variedad de cambios celulares, fisiológicos (concentraciones de hemoglobina, grado de función tiroidea y menor tolerancia a la glucosa, etc.) y en la composición corporal, que unidos a otros factores (cambios en la cavidad oral, el sistema gastrointestinal y declinación de los sentidos del gusto y olfato) modifican su estado nutricional. La evaluación de dicho estado en estos pacientes es complicada (los parámetros antropométricos varían mucho por} el envejecimiento), pero existen herramientas que han demostrado gran utilidad en el ámbito domiciliario y hospitalario para establecer el pronóstico de morbilidad y mortalidad relacionado con el estado nutricional y el tratamiento oportuno.

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