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2002, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2002; 25 (6)


La salud mental del bebé. Nuevas evidencias

Maldonado-Durán JM, Sauceda GJM, Lartigue T, Karacostas V

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 59-67
Archivo PDF: 375.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

Lactante, psicopatología, prevención, psicoterapia En este artículo se resume la evidencia más significativa sobre la importancia de la salud mental del lactante. Aborda asimismo la implementación de intervenciones clínicas y preventivas. Se revisan la importancia del desarrollo temprano del cerebro, su necesidad de estímulo para establecer sinapsis y vías refinadas, así como el impacto negativo de experiencias adversas. Esto significa que la infancia temprana es un periodo de gran vulnerabilidad pues estos procesos de reconfiguración pueden ser alterados con consecuencias negativas a largo plazo para el funcionamiento psicomotriz del niño o niña. Se describen algunos estudios longitudinales que conectan factores de la etapa preescolar con la criminalidad y la timidez excesiva en la edad adulta. Se cubren los estudios epidemiológicos sobre la prevalencia de llanto excesivo, problemas relacionados con el sueño y la alimentación, así como con la ansiedad, el trastorno traumático en el bebé y finalmente los efectos de la depresión materna. Se abordan técnicas de intervención clínica y la escasa evidencia sobre su eficacia, subrayando las indicaciones y las diferencias entre los diversos enfoques terapéuticos. Finalmente, se aborda el efecto de la intervención temprana (durante el embarazo, periodo neonatal y visitas domiciliarias) como factor de prevención a largo plazo.


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