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Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2006, Número 6

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Rev Mex Oftalmol 2006; 80 (6)


Génesis del pterigión. Una aproximación desde la biología molecular

Ochoa-Tabares JC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 318-324
Archivo PDF: 543.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

El pterigión es un proceso inflamatorio, degenerativo, cuya característica distintiva es la alteración focal del limbo. Su aparición está relacionada directamente con la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta, la inflamación y otros factores irritantes. Los rayos ultravioleta son mutagénicos para el gen p53 (gen supresor de tumores) en las células limbales. Esto produce una disminución en la regulación de la apoptosis, entonces el factor de crecimiento trasformante beta se produce en mayores cantidades, originando aumento en las colagenasas, migración celular y angiogénesis. Esto promueve la proliferación del tejido conectivo subconjuntival (elastosis) y un crecimiento de conjuntiva anormal sobre la córnea, destruyendo la capa de Bowman.
Aun cuando su etiología no se ha esclarecido por completo, los progresos en el entendimiento de cómo se produce, considerando evidencias epidemiológicas, genéticas, patológicas y de biología molecular, han permitido idear tratamientos que modifican su aparición o progresión. La presente revisión tiene el propósito de explicar los conceptos vigentes acerca de cómo se produce el pterigión, en un contexto ambiental y sistémico, a partir de una deficiencia de células en limbo y alteración del tejido subconjuntival.


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