Sánchez-Lara K, Sosa-Sánchez R, Green-Renner D

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 81
Paginas: 83-91
Archivo PDF: 135.88 Kb.

RESUMEN

Antecedentes: Se estima que dos terceras partes de los pacientes con cáncer sufren de anorexia o pérdida significativa de apetito, lo que conduce a una reducción acentuada de peso y desnutrición grave (caquexia); se ha demostrado que la desnutrición en pacientes oncológicos se asocia con reducción de la respuesta al tratamiento, teniendo un impacto importante en la calidad de vida del paciente y la morbilidad, siendo una de las principales causas que contribuyen en la mortalidad de dichos individuos. Con frecuencia, la relevancia clínica de la desnutrición se subestima e incluso sólo se inician tratamientos en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad. Los mecanismos patogénicos de la pérdida de peso asociada a cáncer tienen un complejo origen multicausal, entre éstos se encuentra un aumento en la demanda energética, con una disminución de ingestión de alimentos debida a efectos secundarios de los tratamientos: el dolor, la pérdida de apetito, ayunos prolongados y saciedad temprana. Objetivo: En esta revisión abordaremos el efecto de los macronutrimentos en el proceso de saciedad, como parte de las estrategias nutricionales en la dieta de pacientes oncológicos con la intención de evitar la pérdida de peso y depleción proteica.

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