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2008, Número 1

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Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2008; 71 (1)


Embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso

Ballesteros-Flores CG, Hernández HJ, Sánchez AHE, Ávila-Romero SA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 111
Paginas: 49-56
Archivo PDF: 110.27 Kb.


RESUMEN

Propósito. Análisis de la bibliografía sobre los principales aspectos de embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso. Obtención de datos. Revisión de la literatura médica en idioma inglés de 1873 al 2007. Selección de artículos. Se seleccionaron los artículos más relevantes de embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso. Extracción de datos. Se revisó la literatura médica internacional durante el periodo 2006 al 2007 de los estudios de investigación sobre embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso. Resultados. El embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso se conocen desde hace más de 100 años. Es una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad (0.5%-11%) y mortalidad (10%) en pacientes con fracturas de huesos largos. La etiología es multifactorial. La patogénesis del síndrome de embolismo graso no es completamente clara, puede ser definida por el bloqueo mecánico de la circulación por partículas de grasa. El cuadro clásico de confusión cerebral, deterioro respiratorio y petequias en piel y mucosas siempre se ve. El diagnóstico es de exclusión y basado en criterios clínicos. El tratamiento es de apoyo y no específico. Conclusión. La etiología postraumática es la evidencia circunstancial más fuerte de embolismo graso y síndrome de embolismo graso. No existe hasta el momento ningún tratamiento específico para el síndrome de embolismo graso. La prevención, el diagnóstico temprano y un adecuado tratamiento sintomático es la mejor terapia durante el desarrollo del síndrome de embolismo graso. La inmovilización temprana y adecuada disminuye el riesgo del síndrome de embolismo graso. La terapia con corticoesteroides tiene un beneficio en prevenir el síndrome de embolismo graso. El pronóstico de los pacientes que sobreviven al síndrome de embolismo graso es bueno.


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