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2007, Número 1

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Salud Mental 2007; 30 (1)


Las bases neurales del proceso de enmascaramiento. Segunda parte

Salazar-Juárez A, Parra-Gámez L, Barbosa MS, Philippe Leff, Antón B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 118
Paginas: 56-67
Archivo PDF: 196.85 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Existen dos procesos que compiten por el control de la actividad locomotora de un organismo: un proceso inhibitorio que está relacionado con una iluminación brillante y un proceso estimulatorio relacionado con una iluminación muy tenue, debajo de 1 lux. A estos procesos se les denomina respectivamente enmascaramiento negativo y positivo. En 1988, Aschoff y von Goetz (8, 9) describieron al enmascaramiento positivo y negativo como el aumento y disminución de la actividad locomotora en respuesta a cambios en la iluminación. De tal manera, la luz no solamente sincroniza al sistema circadiano, sino que también ejerce efectos directos sobre los efectores (osciladores periféricos) que expresan a los ritmos circadianos, como son el efecto de la luz sobre la glándula pineal, que genera la reducción inmediata de la liberación de la melatonina, y la inhibición de la actividad locomotora en roedores nocturnos después de un pulso de luz en la noche. Esta respuesta directa de enmascaramiento anula el control del reloj biológico y genera un ajuste de fase apropiado e inmediato a las condiciones de iluminación (69, 103, 116). Estas dos respuestas de enmascaramiento a la luz son las más estudiadas, pero se han analizado de manera separada. Sin embargo, no se ha dado importancia al cuestionamiento de si estas respuestas pueden relacionarse entre sí, quizás como parte de una respuesta orquestada a la luz. Además, no se conoce si estas respuestas son mediadas por vías fotoreceptivas y substratos neurales comunes.


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