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2008, Número 2

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Arch Cardiol Mex 2008; 78 (2)


Detección de apoptosis en enfermedades cardiovasculares mediante las imágenes SPECT de cardiología nuclear

Bialostozky D, Rodríguez-Diez G, Zazueta C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 217-228
Archivo PDF: 212.57 Kb.


RESUMEN

La apoptosis es un proceso biológico de muerte o suicidio celular presente en todas las células de los metazoarios. Mantiene un equilibrio entre la regeneración de las células pluripotenciales o células madre y la eliminación de células que ya han servido su propósito, que se han reproducido en exceso, o en las que existe daño genético irreparable. La activación de la apoptosis en cardiomiocitos es un problema común en una gran variedad de cardiopatías y se ha sugerido que contribuye de manera importante a la dilatación ventricular y al aumento del tamaño del infarto en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y con enfermedad cardiovascular. El diagnóstico clínico de la apoptosis es una realidad en la ciencia médica, cuya aplicación en diferentes facetas de la Cardiología, incluye desde la cardiopatía coronaria hasta los trastornos del ritmo. En este sentido, el uso de la imagenología no-invasiva, puede ser de gran utilidad para la detección in vivo de este tipo de muerte celular, en pacientes con necrosis miocárdica, con isquemia miocárdica aguda, con rechazo agudo del trasplante cardíaco, con miocarditis, con tumores malignos intracardíacos, así como en casos de cardiotoxicidad y de otras cardiomiopatías. Particularmente la unión de la Anexina V, marcada con Tc99m produce imágenes gammagráficas que permiten la identificación de células apoptóticas in vivo, en sistemas con el SPECT y SestaMiBi. En resumen, la utilización de estas técnicas será invaluable en un futuro próximo para la terapia e intervención anti-apoptosis en la rutina de la Cardiología diaria.


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